Currently, many existing image encryption algorithms have encountered challenges in achieving robustness and efficiency, mainly due to insufficient scrambling or inadequate diffusion mechanisms. These limitations can lead to vulnerabilities, making encrypted images more susceptible to attacks and reducing overall security. To address these issues, this paper proposes a new image encryption algorithm (MCLCM-IEA) based on a novel two-dimensional hyperchaotic map (2D-MCLCM). This algorithm integrates a difference algorithm during diffusion and a double-pointer algorithm during scrambling. Additio...
