摘要：
Salinity is a significant limiting factor that adversely affects plant growth, distribution and crop yield. Ethylene responsive factors play crucial roles in plant responses to and tolerance of various abiotic stresses. Recently, we revealed that OsERF2 is involved in root growth by transcriptionally regulating hormone and sugar signaling in rice. Here, we report that OsERF2 is a direct target gene of OsEIL1 and negatively regulates salt tolerance in rice. Compared to the wild type, the gain-of-function mutant of OsERF2 (nsf2857) and the knockdown of OsERF2 via an artificial microRNA (Ami-ERF2) exhibited decreased and increased salt tolerance, respectively. The enhanced salt tolerance observed in Ami-OsERF2 lines was associated with lower accumulations of malondialdehyde and reactive oxygen species (ROS) under salt stress, while the opposite was true for nsf2857 plants, which exhibited decreased salt tolerance. At the transcriptional level, several stress-related genes encoding ROS and NAD(P)H-related oxidoreductases were downregulated in nsf2857 plants but upregulated in Ami-ERF2 plants. Furthermore, yeast one-hybrid and ChIP assays revealed that OsEIL1 can bind to the of EBS cis element present in the promoter of OsERF2 (-bp), suggesting that OsEIL1 may directly regulate the expression of OsERF2. Collectively, our findings indicate that OsERF2 is a direct downstream factor involved in the regulation of salt tolerance in rice, highlighting its potential application in the genetic improvement of tolerance to abiotic stresses in this crop.
作者机构：
[Chen, Haiyang; Wang, Ziyue; Chen, Weijie; Kang, Shuaiqing; Yuan, Jixiang; Zhu, Juan; Chen, Xining; Li, Yaowen; Li, Yongfang; Zhang, Zhichao; Cao, Jianlei; Zheng, Jialei; Xu, Jiacheng] Soochow Univ, Coll Chem Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Lab Adv Optoelect Mat, Suzhou Key Lab Novel Semicond Optoelect Mat & Devi, Suzhou 215123, Peoples R China.;[Jiang, Xingxing] Hengyang Normal Univ, Coll Phys & Elect Engn, Hengyang 421002, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Li, Yaowen; Li, Yongfang] Soochow Univ, Jiangsu Key Lab Adv Negat Carbon Technol, Suzhou 215123, Peoples R China.;[Li, Yaowen] Soochow Univ, Coll Chem Chem Engn & Mat Sci, State & Local Joint Engn Lab Novel Funct Polymer M, Jiangsu Key Lab Adv Funct Polymer Design & Applica, Suzhou 215123, Peoples R China.;[Li, Yongfang] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Chem, Beijing Natl Lab Mol Sci, CAS Key Lab Organ Solids, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Li, YW ; Chen, WJ] S;Soochow Univ, Coll Chem Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Lab Adv Optoelect Mat, Suzhou Key Lab Novel Semicond Optoelect Mat & Devi, Suzhou 215123, Peoples R China.;Soochow Univ, Jiangsu Key Lab Adv Negat Carbon Technol, Suzhou 215123, Peoples R China.;Soochow Univ, Coll Chem Chem Engn & Mat Sci, State & Local Joint Engn Lab Novel Funct Polymer M, Jiangsu Key Lab Adv Funct Polymer Design & Applica, Suzhou 215123, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Carrier transport;Defect states;Operational stability;Perovskite/organic tandem solar cells;quasi-2D/3D perovskite heterojunction
摘要：
Wide-bandgap (WBG) perovskites are continuously in the limelight owing to their applicability in tandem solar cells. The main bottlenecks of WBG perovskites are interfacial non-radiative recombination and carrier transport loss caused by interfacial defects and large energy-level offsets, which induce additional energy losses when WBG perovskites are stacked with organic solar cells in series because of unbalanced carrier recombination in interconnecting layer (ICL). To solve these issues, 1,3-propanediammonium iodide (PDADI) is incorporated to form Dion-Jacobson -phase quasi-2D perovskites with mixed high-n-values in WBG perovskites. PDADI simultaneously repairs the shallow/deep defects and establishes a Type-II energy-level alignment between quasi-2D/3D and 3D perovskites for rapid carrier extraction. More importantly, the short-chain diammonium cation in quasi-2D perovskite with high n-values results in a short Pb-I inorganic layer spacing, which enhances the interlayer electronic coupling and weakens the quantum-well confinement effect that restricts carrier transport. The suppressed transport loss increases the electron concentration in the ICL for balanced carrier recombination. The 0.0628 and 1.004 cm(2) perovskite/organic tandems achieve remarkable efficiencies of 25.92% and 24.63%, respectively. The quasi-2D capping layer can inhibit ion migration, allowing perovskite/organic tandems to show excellent operational stability (T(85) >1000h).
作者机构：
[Fangyan Wang; Guowen Yue] College of Computer Science and Technology, Hengyang Normal University, Hengyang, 421002, Hunan, China;Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing and Application, Hengyang Normal University, Hengyang, 421002, Hunan, China;Hunan Engineering Research Center of Cyberspace Security Technology and Applications, Hengyang Normal University, Hengyang, 421002, Hunan, China;[Ge Jiao] College of Computer Science and Technology, Hengyang Normal University, Hengyang, 421002, Hunan, China<&wdkj&>Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing and Application, Hengyang Normal University, Hengyang, 421002, Hunan, China<&wdkj&>Hunan Engineering Research Center of Cyberspace Security Technology and Applications, Hengyang Normal University, Hengyang, 421002, Hunan, China
通讯机构：
[Ge Jiao] C;College of Computer Science and Technology, Hengyang Normal University, Hengyang, 421002, Hunan, China<&wdkj&>Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing and Application, Hengyang Normal University, Hengyang, 421002, Hunan, China<&wdkj&>Hunan Engineering Research Center of Cyberspace Security Technology and Applications, Hengyang Normal University, Hengyang, 421002, Hunan, China
摘要：
Currently, Camouflaged Object Detection (COD) methods often rely on single-view feature perception, which struggles to fully capture camouflaged objects due to environmental interference such as background clutter, lighting variations, and viewpoint changes. To address this, we propose the Multi-view Collaboration Network (MCNet), inspired by human visual strategies for complex scene analysis. MCNet incorporates multiple perspectives for enhanced feature extraction. The global perception module takes the original, far, and near views, using different large-kernel convolutions and multi-head attention mechanisms for global feature embedding. In parallel, the local perception module processes the tilted, projected, and color-jittered views, extracting fine-grained local features through multi-branch deep convolutions and dilated convolutions. To facilitate deep interaction between global and local features, we introduce the hybrid interactive module, which explores the correlation of multi-view feature information and adaptively fuses features. For feature decoding, the dynamic pyramid shrinkage module integrates dynamic gated convolutions with a pyramid shrinkage mechanism, progressively aggregating semantic features through a hierarchical shrinking strategy and group fusion strategy. Experimental results on popular COD benchmark datasets show that MCNet outperforms 18 state-of-the-art methods.
Currently, Camouflaged Object Detection (COD) methods often rely on single-view feature perception, which struggles to fully capture camouflaged objects due to environmental interference such as background clutter, lighting variations, and viewpoint changes. To address this, we propose the Multi-view Collaboration Network (MCNet), inspired by human visual strategies for complex scene analysis. MCNet incorporates multiple perspectives for enhanced feature extraction. The global perception module takes the original, far, and near views, using different large-kernel convolutions and multi-head attention mechanisms for global feature embedding. In parallel, the local perception module processes the tilted, projected, and color-jittered views, extracting fine-grained local features through multi-branch deep convolutions and dilated convolutions. To facilitate deep interaction between global and local features, we introduce the hybrid interactive module, which explores the correlation of multi-view feature information and adaptively fuses features. For feature decoding, the dynamic pyramid shrinkage module integrates dynamic gated convolutions with a pyramid shrinkage mechanism, progressively aggregating semantic features through a hierarchical shrinking strategy and group fusion strategy. Experimental results on popular COD benchmark datasets show that MCNet outperforms 18 state-of-the-art methods.
作者机构：
[Sun, Weifeng] Hengyang Normal Univ, Coll Life Sci, Hunan Key Lab Conservat & Utilizat Biol Resources, Hengyang 421008, Peoples R China.;[Peng, Changbo; Ye, Xiaoqing; Che, Zhenming; Ding, Wenwu; Chen, Yu; Mei, Xiaoqing; Liu, Yi; Ding, Jing; Zheng, Yuhui] Xihua Univ, Coll Food & Bioengn, Chengdu 610039, Peoples R China.;[Liu, Yuan] Sichuan Univ, Expt Teaching Ctr Basic Chem, Chengdu 610207, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Liu, Y ] S;[Ding, WW ] X;Xihua Univ, Coll Food & Bioengn, Chengdu 610039, Peoples R China.;Sichuan Univ, Expt Teaching Ctr Basic Chem, Chengdu 610207, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Doubanjiang-meju;Rotary-drum fermenter;Unsteady temperature field;Flavor quality;Aflatoxin B 1
摘要：
In this study, the flavor of the doubanjiang-meju product in the rotary-drum fermenter (PRF) was evaluated by comparing that of the product under the constant temperature (PCT) and the product in the traditional fermentation (PTF). The physicochemical indexes of PRF were optimal, with organic acid content 1.1 and 1.76 times that of PCT and PTF, respectively. A total of 201 flavors were detected in the three products. The flavor content in PRF were 27.24% and 130.72% higher than in PCT and PTF while its aflatoxin B 1 (AFB 1 ) content was the lowest. The colors of PRF were closer to the reddish-brown, and the PRF possessed higher sauce flavor, enduring fragrance, alcohol smell as quantitative descriptive analysis (QDA) shows. A total of four aroma compounds with OAV>1 were identified in the three products. Correlation analysis indicated that the correlations between aromas and other indicators in PRF were the most obvious. These results indicated that the PRF quality was superior to that of PCT and PTF because of the improved mass and heat transfer. The large-scale industrial production might be limited due to the equipment rotation. This study could provide valuable reference to improve the flavor and quality of doubanjiang-meju.
In this study, the flavor of the doubanjiang-meju product in the rotary-drum fermenter (PRF) was evaluated by comparing that of the product under the constant temperature (PCT) and the product in the traditional fermentation (PTF). The physicochemical indexes of PRF were optimal, with organic acid content 1.1 and 1.76 times that of PCT and PTF, respectively. A total of 201 flavors were detected in the three products. The flavor content in PRF were 27.24% and 130.72% higher than in PCT and PTF while its aflatoxin B 1 (AFB 1 ) content was the lowest. The colors of PRF were closer to the reddish-brown, and the PRF possessed higher sauce flavor, enduring fragrance, alcohol smell as quantitative descriptive analysis (QDA) shows. A total of four aroma compounds with OAV>1 were identified in the three products. Correlation analysis indicated that the correlations between aromas and other indicators in PRF were the most obvious. These results indicated that the PRF quality was superior to that of PCT and PTF because of the improved mass and heat transfer. The large-scale industrial production might be limited due to the equipment rotation. This study could provide valuable reference to improve the flavor and quality of doubanjiang-meju.
摘要：
Janus two-dimensional materials have attracted extensive research attention owing to their intrinsic electric dipole moments and excellent properties. Here, a systematic study on the electronic properties of In 2 Se 2 S/WSiGeX 4 (X = N, P, As) van der Waals heterostructures (vdWHs) is presented. The results showed that the different interfacial stacking configurations can modulate the net dipole moment strength and band alignment of In 2 Se 2 S/WSiGeX 4 vdWHs. The In 2 Se 2 S/WSiGeP 4 vdWHs exhibit type-I band alignment with direct bandgap characteristics when adopting Si(Ge)/Se interfacial contacts, whereas type-II band alignment accompanied by indirect bandgap features emerges in systems with Si(Ge)/S interfacial configurations. Notably, the Si (Ge)/S interface exhibits a higher charge transfer capacity compared to the Si (Ge)/Se interface. Furthermore, the bandgap of heterostructure undergoes significant changes primarily when the interface atoms change from S atom to Se atom. In addition, the bandgap of In 2 Se 2 S/WSiGeP 4 vdWHs with Ge/Se (S) interface contact exhibits a first increase and then decrease tendency under compressive (tensile) strain, and a directly decrease trend under tensile (compressive) strain. Our results provide immense promise for the development and application of Janus heterostructure, offering a useful guidance for future device designs.
作者机构：
College of Computer Science and Technology, Hengyang Normal University, Hengyang, China;Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing and Application, Hengyang Normal University, Hengyang, China;[Yezhou Zhang; Lang Li; Yu Ou] College of Computer Science and Technology, Hengyang Normal University, Hengyang, China<&wdkj&>Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing and Application, Hengyang Normal University, Hengyang, China
通讯机构：
[Lang Li] C;College of Computer Science and Technology, Hengyang Normal University, Hengyang, China<&wdkj&>Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing and Application, Hengyang Normal University, Hengyang, China
摘要：
Deep learning algorithms are increasingly employed to exploit side-channel information, such as power consumption and electromagnetic leakage from hardware devices, significantly enhancing attack capabilities. However, relying solely on power traces for side-channel information often requires adequate domain knowledge. To address this limitation, this work proposes a new attack scheme. Firstly, a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN)-based plaintext-extended bilinear feature fusion model is designed. Secondly, multi-model intermediate layers are fused and trained, yielding in the increase of the amount of effective information and generalization ability. Finally, the model is employed to predict the output probability of three public side-channel datasets (e.g. ASCAD, AES
$$\_$$
HD, and AES
$$\_$$
RD), and analyze the recovery key guessing entropy for each key to efficiently assess attack efficiency. Experimental results showcase that the plaintext-extended bilinear feature fusion model can effectively enhance the Side-Channel Attack (SCA) capabilities and prediction performance. Deploying the proposed method, the number of traces required for a successful attack on the ASCAD
$$\_$$
R dataset is significantly reduced to less than 914, representing an 70.5% reduction in traces compared to the network in Convolutional Neural Network-Visual Geometry Group (CNNVGG16) with plaintext, which incorporating plaintext features before the fully connected layer. Compared to existing solutions, the proposed scheme requires only 80% of the power traces for the attack mask design using only 75 epochs. As a result, the power of the proposed method is well proved through the different experiments and comparison processes.
摘要：
Electrochemical conversion of nitrate offers an efficient approach to mitigate nitrate pollution and ammonia synthesis but is still challenged by the slow kinetics and selectivity issues of active sites. Herein, by performing density functional theory (DFT) calculations, we report a double-atom catalyst of PdCu–C 7 N 6 by incorporating Pd and Cu together embedded in C 7 N 6 frameworks, which not only shows outstanding catalytic performance with a low limiting potential of 0.36 V, but also can effectively inhibit the competing hydrogen evolution reactions. The high NO 3 RR activity on PdCu–C 7 N 6 is well explained by the polarizable bond length as well as the asymmetric charge distribution of Pd–Cu dual active sites. This DFT work opens an avenue for developing highly efficient multicomponent NO 3 RR electrocatalysts.
摘要：
Epicanthus refers to the longitudinal curved skin folds that cover the medial canthus, which affect aesthetics due to covering the medial canthus angle and lacrimal mound. Various surgical methods exist for correcting epicanthus, each with its own set of advantages and disadvantages, and lacking a standardized operational protocol, making it difficult for beginners to master and for clinical promotion.This article aims to explore a standardized and simplified five-step procedure for treating epicanthus and report our clinical experience and effectiveness. A retrospective analysis was conducted from October 2019 to September 2022 at the Burn and Plastic Surgery Department of the Second Affiliated Hospital of South China University. A consistent team of doctors utilized a five-step method to correct the medial canthus in 306 patients with epicanthus. All patients were followed up for more than 6 months. We observed 306 patients and used iris diameter as a reference value to subjectively evaluate the clinical effect through photo evaluation and scar scoring.Objective evaluation of clinical efficacy was achieved through the inter canthal distance (ICD) and palpebral fissure length (PFL). The study included 295 females and 11 males, with an average follow-up time of 14.2 months.The average increase rate of PFL is 14.9%, and the average reduction rate of ICD is 8.6%. Two cases of bleeding and swelling were promptly treated, and no long-term complications were left. 85 cases of scar hyperplasia were treated with KELO-COTE® silicone gel, triamcinolone injection, and appropriate laser therapy in combination, and the scars gradually resolved after 12 months. 4 cases of recurrence and 2 cases of asymmetry underwent reoperation. Observing the satisfaction and effectiveness rate of 306 patients, the overall satisfaction and effectiveness rate reached over 95%. About 96.40% of patients were satisfied with the surgery and would recommend it to their family and friends. The paired t-test was used for statistical analysis, and the results showed statistical significance. The five-step method for correcting epicanthus proves to be a simple, efficient, and reliable technique that is easily mastered by beginners. It boasts high patient satisfaction and carries a low risk of scar formation.
通讯机构：
[Zhang, B ] G;Guangzhou Univ, Sch Geog & Remote Sensing, Guangzhou, Peoples R China.;Guangdong Prov Ctr Urban & Migrat Studies, Guangzhou, Peoples R China.;Southern Marine Sci & Engn Guangdong Lab Zhuhai, Zhuhai, Peoples R China.
关键词：
environmental regulation;fiscal efficiency;GTFP;high-quality development;multi-source data;spatial panel data model
摘要：
This research aims to investigate whether fiscal efficiency promotes green total factor productivity (GTFP) in China. To this end, we used multi-source data and adopted productivity index approaches to measure GTFP and fiscal efficiency scores of 284 Chinese cities and then applied a spatial econometric model to examine the impact of fiscal efficiency on GTFP. The main findings of this study are as follows: (1) Overall GTFP scores showed an N-shaped trend during the sample period. Specifically, they first rose, then decreased, and finally went up. (2) The dynamic average fiscal efficiency scores of Chinese cities exhibited an upward trend with fluctuations. The spatial distribution of the fiscal efficiency scores of 284 cities showed that overall the eastern and central cities had the highest scores, followed by the western and northeastern cities. (3) The results of the spatial lag panel data model revealed that the spatially lagged term of GTFP was significantly positive, indicating that spatial spillovers of GTFP could not be ignored. Otherwise, it may lead to biased conclusions. It implies that improvements in the GTFP of neighboring cities contribute to promoting the GTFP growth of the own city. Moreover, the impact of fiscal efficiency on GTFP was verified to be significant and positive, indicating that fiscal efficiency improvement could significantly promote China's high-quality development measured by GTFP. In addition, increases in urbanization level, economic level, education level, industrial structure, and innovation level had positive effects on GTFP, while there was a U-shaped relationship between environmental regulation and GTFP. Last, several tailored policy recommendations were proposed.
通讯机构：
[Zhao, HH ] H;Hengyang Normal Univ, Coll Comp Sci & technol, Hengyang 421008, Peoples R China.;Hengyang Normal Univ, Hunan Prov Key Lab Intelligent Informat Proc & App, Hengyang 421008, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Three-dimensional human pose estimation;Transformer;GCN;Prior knowledge
摘要：
Transformer-based approaches have significantly driven recent progress in three-dimensional human pose estimation. However, existing transformer-based approaches are still deficient in capturing localized features, and they lack task-specific a priori information by obtaining queries, keys, and values through simple linear mappings. Existing methods lack effective human constraints for model training. We introduce the Spatial Encoding Graph Convolutional Network Transformer (SEGCNFormer), designed to enhance model capacity in capturing local features. In addition, we propose a Temporal-Aware Network, which generates queries, keys, and values possessing a priori knowledge of human motion, enabling the model to better understand the structural information of human poses. Finally, we leverage the knowledge of human anatomy and motion to design the Human Structural Science Loss, which performs a rationality assessment of human actions and imposes physical constraints on the generated poses. Our method outperforms existing methods on the Human3.6M dataset in both 27 and 81 sampling frames, and our predicted poses are closer to the actual poses with less error. For the existing three issues, we proposed effective methods and conducted targeted experiments, which confirmed the effectiveness of our strategies.
通讯机构：
[Zhao, HH ] H;Hengyang Normal Univ, Coll Comp Sci & Technol, Hengyang 421002, Hunan, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Text to image;Image generation;Generative Adversarial Network;Attention
摘要：
Text-to-image generation is a challenging and significant research task. It aims to synthesize high-quality images that match the given descriptive statements. Existing methods still have problems in generating semantic information fusion insufficiently, and the generated images cannot represent the descriptive statements properly. Therefore, A novel method named EMF-GAN(Efficient Multilayer Fusion Generative Adversarial Network) is proposed. It uses a Multilayer Fusion Module (MF Module) and Efficient Multi-Scale Attention Module (EMA Module) to fuse the semantic information into the feature maps gradually. It realizes the full utilization of the semantic information and obtains high-quality realistic images. Extensive experimental results show that our EMF-GAN is highly competitive in image generation quality and semantic consistency. Compared with the state-of-the-art methods, EMF-GAN shows significant performance improvement on both CUB (FID from 14.81 to 10.74) and COCO (FID from 19.32 to 16.86) datasets. It can generate photorealistic images with richer details and text-image consistency. Code can be found at https://github.com/zxcnmmmmm/EMF-GAN-master .
Text-to-image generation is a challenging and significant research task. It aims to synthesize high-quality images that match the given descriptive statements. Existing methods still have problems in generating semantic information fusion insufficiently, and the generated images cannot represent the descriptive statements properly. Therefore, A novel method named EMF-GAN(Efficient Multilayer Fusion Generative Adversarial Network) is proposed. It uses a Multilayer Fusion Module (MF Module) and Efficient Multi-Scale Attention Module (EMA Module) to fuse the semantic information into the feature maps gradually. It realizes the full utilization of the semantic information and obtains high-quality realistic images. Extensive experimental results show that our EMF-GAN is highly competitive in image generation quality and semantic consistency. Compared with the state-of-the-art methods, EMF-GAN shows significant performance improvement on both CUB (FID from 14.81 to 10.74) and COCO (FID from 19.32 to 16.86) datasets. It can generate photorealistic images with richer details and text-image consistency. Code can be found at https://github.com/zxcnmmmmm/EMF-GAN-master .
作者机构：
[Shangyun Wang] College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Hengyang Normal University, Hengyang 421002, China;[Songbai Chen; Jiliang Jing] Department of Physics, Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Quantum Structures and Quantum Control of Ministry of Education, Synergetic Innovation Center for Quantum Effects and Applications, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China<&wdkj&>Center for Gravitation and Cosmology, College of Physical Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
摘要：
Abstract We use out-of-time order correlators (OTOCs) to investigate the quantum instability and Ehrenfest time for an inverted harmonic oscillator (IHO). For initial states located in the stable manifolds of the IHO we find that the corresponding OTOC exhibits identical evolutionary characteristics to the saddle point before the Ehrenfest time. For initial states located in the unstable manifolds, the OTOCs still grow exponentially but the time to maintain exponential growth is related to the center position of its wave packet in phase space. Moreover, we use the Husimi Q function to visualize the quantum wave packets during exponential growth of the OTOCs. Our results show that quantum instability exists at arbitrary orbits in the IHO system, and the Ehrenfest time in the IHO system depends not only on the photon number of the initial system but also on the central positions of the initial states in phase space.
作者机构：
[Zhou, Wang; Han, Miaomiao; Liu, Jilei; Gao, Peng; Tang, Rui; Mo, Ying] Hunan Univ, Coll Mat Sci & Engn, Hunan Joint Int Lab Adv Mat & Technol Clean Energy, Hunan Prov Key Lab Adv Carbon Mat & Appl Technol, Changsha 410082, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Wang, Dan] Hengyang Normal Univ, Univ Hunan Prov, Key Lab Micronano Energy Mat & Applicat Technol, Hengyang 421002, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Wang, Dan] Hengyang Normal Univ, Coll Phys & Elect Engn, Hengyang 421002, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Chen, Shi] Univ Macau, Inst Appl Phys & Mat Engn, Joint Key Lab, Minist Educ, Taipa 999078, Macao, Peoples R China.;[Yoshii, Takeharu; Wakabayashi, Keigo; Nishihara, Hirotomo] Tohoku Univ, Inst Multidisciplinary Res Adv Mat, 2-1-1 Katahira,Aoba Ku, Sendai, Miyagi 9808577, Japan.
通讯机构：
[Liu, JL ] H;Hunan Univ, Coll Mat Sci & Engn, Hunan Joint Int Lab Adv Mat & Technol Clean Energy, Hunan Prov Key Lab Adv Carbon Mat & Appl Technol, Changsha 410082, Hunan, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Hard carbon;Surface chemistry;C-H bond;Initial coulombic efficiency;Adsorption capacity
摘要：
Controlling surface chemistry is critically important for improving the initial Coulombic efficiency (ICE) and adsorption capacity of hard carbon anode used in Li/Na/K-ion batteries. However, accurately identifying the types and concentrations of hydrogen/oxygen terminated functional groups (HTFG/OTFGs) and distinguishing their functionalities remain challenge. Herein, we quantitatively investigated the surface chemistry on hard carbon via ultra-high temperature programed desorption measurements, and uncovered the role of HTFG/OTFGs in influencing ICE and adsorption capacity in Li/Na/K-ions cells. The C–H group is found to be dominant species on the surface of hard carbon, and presents a positive correlation with ICE values and adsorption capacity. The low reactivity of C–H group with both electrolyte salt and solvent results in the formation of thinner and highly conducive solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer, which benefit for the enhanced ICE and improved Li/Na/K-ions diffusion across SEI layer. Additionally, the pimping trapping effect of C–H groups allows the adsorbed Li/Na/K-ions to migrate into graphitic interlayer quickly, enhancing the slope capacity. By fabricating a C–H group-rich surface chemistry on hard carbon, a high ICE value and satisfactory specific capacity have been realized. These findings enrich our understanding of the surface chemistry-induced interfacial reaction, which effectively guides the rational design of high-performance hard carbon.
Controlling surface chemistry is critically important for improving the initial Coulombic efficiency (ICE) and adsorption capacity of hard carbon anode used in Li/Na/K-ion batteries. However, accurately identifying the types and concentrations of hydrogen/oxygen terminated functional groups (HTFG/OTFGs) and distinguishing their functionalities remain challenge. Herein, we quantitatively investigated the surface chemistry on hard carbon via ultra-high temperature programed desorption measurements, and uncovered the role of HTFG/OTFGs in influencing ICE and adsorption capacity in Li/Na/K-ions cells. The C–H group is found to be dominant species on the surface of hard carbon, and presents a positive correlation with ICE values and adsorption capacity. The low reactivity of C–H group with both electrolyte salt and solvent results in the formation of thinner and highly conducive solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer, which benefit for the enhanced ICE and improved Li/Na/K-ions diffusion across SEI layer. Additionally, the pimping trapping effect of C–H groups allows the adsorbed Li/Na/K-ions to migrate into graphitic interlayer quickly, enhancing the slope capacity. By fabricating a C–H group-rich surface chemistry on hard carbon, a high ICE value and satisfactory specific capacity have been realized. These findings enrich our understanding of the surface chemistry-induced interfacial reaction, which effectively guides the rational design of high-performance hard carbon.
关键词：
out-of-time-ordered correlato;quantum chaos;quantum Rabi model
摘要：
Quantum chaos is an intriguing topic and has attracted a great deal of interests in quantum mechanics and black hole physics. Recently, the exponential growth of out-of-time-ordered correlator (OTOC) has been proposed to diagnose quantum chaos and verify the correspondence principle. Here, good correspondence is found between the linear entanglement entropy and the semiclassical phase space structures in the anisotropic quantum Rabi model. The Loschmidt echo in the chaotic sea decays more faster than that in the stable island. However, the OTOCs grow exponentially at early times for the initial states centered both in the chaotic and stable regions. The exponential growth of the OTOC is attributed to quantum collapse that provides a novel mechanism of yielding exponential growth of the OTOC in quantum systems. Moreover, the quantum collapse effect is more obvious for the initial states centered in the chaotic one. The results show that in the anisotropic quantum Rabi model, the linear entanglement entropy, and Loschmidt echo are more effective than OTOC for diagnosing quantum chaotic signals.
通讯机构：
[Deng, YH ] H;[Xiang, HY ] N;Hengyang Normal Univ, Coll Phys & Elect Engn, Hengyang 421002, Hunan, Peoples R China.;Nanjing Univ Sci &Technol, Inst Optoelect & Nanomat, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, MIIT Key Lab Adv Display Mat & Devices, Nanjing 210094, Jiangsu, Peoples R China.
关键词：
perovskite/organic hybrid white light-emitting diodes (WLEDs);LiF interlayer;supplementary emission layer;recombination region;Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage(CIE)
摘要：
Perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs) have great potential in solid-state lighting and display fields due to their advantages of narrow emission spectrum, excellent optoelectronic properties, simple preparation process, and low cost. However, the compatibility of solvents used in the full solution process substantially hindered the development of multilayer white PeLEDs. Although mixing perovskite and organic materials can avoid this problem, it remains challenging to manufacture white PeLEDs that are close to the Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage (CIE) coordinate of (0.33,0.33). In this paper, the perovskite/organic hybrid white light-emitting diodes composed of a bottom blue perovskite light-emitting unit prepared through a solution method and an organic light-emitting unit fabricated by thermal evaporation are reported. To enhance carrier transport and adjust the recombination region, we employed several strategies: improving the perovskite surface with phenylethylammonium bromide additive, optimizing the thickness of the organic red emission layer, inserting a lithium fluoride layer, and incorporating a blue supplementary emission layer. The best white PeLED shows a maximum luminance of 2281 cd/m2, a maximum external quantum efficiency of 2.64%, a CIE coordinate close to the equal-energy white point of (0.33,0.34), and a correlated color temperature of 5206 K. The results presented in this paper provide a feasible method for obtaining white PeLEDs with excellent CIE coordinates.
摘要：
Rice is a staple food for nearly half the global population and, with rising living standards, the demand for high-quality grain is increasing. Chalkiness, a key determinant of appearance quality, requires accurate detection for effective quality evaluation. While traditional 2D imaging has been used for chalkiness detection, its inherent inability to capture complete 3D morphology limits its suitability for precision agriculture and breeding. Although micro-CT has shown promise in 3D chalk phenotype analysis, high-throughput automated 3D detection for multiple grains remains a challenge, hindering practical applications. To address this, we propose a high-throughput 3D chalkiness detection method using micro-CT and VSE-UNet. Our method begins with non-destructive 3D imaging of grains using micro-CT. For the accurate segmentation of kernels and chalky regions, we propose VSE-UNet, an improved VGG-UNet with an SE attention mechanism for enhanced feature learning. Through comprehensive training optimization strategies, including the Dice focal loss function and dropout technique, the model achieves robust and accurate segmentation of both kernels and chalky regions in continuous CT slices. To enable high-throughput 3D analysis, we developed a unified 3D detection framework integrating isosurface extraction, point cloud conversion, DBSCAN clustering, and Poisson reconstruction. This framework overcomes the limitations of single-grain analysis, enabling simultaneous multi-grain detection. Finally, 3D morphological indicators of chalkiness are calculated using triangular mesh techniques. Experimental results demonstrate significant improvements in both 2D segmentation (7.31% improvement in chalkiness IoU, 2.54% in mIoU, 2.80% in mPA) and 3D phenotypic measurements, with VSE-UNet achieving more accurate volume and dimensional measurements compared with the baseline. These improvements provide a reliable foundation for studying chalkiness formation and enable high-throughput phenotyping.
