作者：
Yongchao Li;Yongzhuang Wei;Enes Pasalic;Lang Li;Ting Fan
期刊：
IEEE Internet of Things Journal,2025年:1-1
作者机构：
[Lang Li] Hengyang Normal University, Hengyang, Hunan, China;Guangxi Key Laboratory of Cryptography and Information Security, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, Guangxi, China;State Key Laboratory of Cryptology, Beijing, China;[Enes Pasalic] University of Primorska, FAMNIT, Koper, Slovenia;[Ting Fan] Guangxi Key Laboratory of Embedded Technology and Intelligent System, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, Guangxi, China
摘要：
Low-latency has been an important criterion in the design of block ciphers, especially in lightweight cryptography for IoT (Internet of Things) constrained devices to ensure secure real-time data transmission with limited resources. However, the design of most low-latency block ciphers today employ the so-called SPN (Substitution Permutation Network) structure with a few exceptions such as the SCARF cipher. In this article, by adopting the ideas of parallel execution for bridging the gap in latency between the standard Feistel and SPN structures, we propose a new low-latency cipher that uses the standard Feistel structure named as LLBC (Low Latency Block Cipher). It has a 128-bit block length with 128-bit (or 256-bit) key length. For the purpose of minimizing the latency and implementation costs, we were able to specify two 4-bit S-boxes, which not only have good cryptographic properties but are also excellent in terms of their hardware performance. More specifically, these S-boxes require only 18.5 GEs (Gate Equivalents) and have depth 3, which to the best of our knowledge are currently the best performing low-latency 4-bit S-boxes. Using these S-boxes in the design of LLBC, we achieve a significant reduction in both latency and implementation cost compared to Midori and QARMA. For instance, implementation of LLBC on the NanGate 45 nm open cell library achieves delay of about 2.79 ns which can be compared to the delay of PRINCE, Midori and QARMA being 4.06 ns, 4.94 ns, and 4.02 ns, respectively. Moreover, a standard security analysis shows that LLBC has enough security margin against various known attacks.
作者机构：
College of Computer Science and Technology, Hengyang Normal University, Hengyang, China;Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing and Application, Hengyang Normal University, Hengyang, China;[Cheng Tang; Lang Li; Yu Ou] College of Computer Science and Technology, Hengyang Normal University, Hengyang, China<&wdkj&>Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing and Application, Hengyang Normal University, Hengyang, China
通讯机构：
[Lang Li] C;College of Computer Science and Technology, Hengyang Normal University, Hengyang, China<&wdkj&>Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing and Application, Hengyang Normal University, Hengyang, China
摘要：
Deep learning-based side-channel attacks (DL-SCA) are favored for their strong key recovery capabilities. However, their implementation is based on the attacker being able to manipulate a cloned device to build an attack model, which means that the attacker needs to know secret information in advance. The non-profiled side-channel attacks (NP-SCA) methods can complete the key recovery without knowing the secret information. Differential Deep Learning Analysis (DDLA) is the first NP-DLSCA method proposed in CHES2019, and several improved versions appeared later. In these methods, the bad quality of the raw traces, such as noise, random delay, etc., is often ignored, which limits the efficiency of key recovery. In this work, the conditional generative adversarial network (CGAN) is introduced and a novel framework NPSCA-CGAN is proposed to optimize traces in non-profiled SCA scenarios. We apply CGAN in non-profiled attacks and use plaintext to do trace labeling that optimizes the raw traces by training the generator to learn the label traces. The convolutional module and plaintext feature are added to the generator network to adapt various countermeasures. Moreover, a new traces quality evaluation metric average relative signal-to-noise ratio (AR-SNR) is proposed for non-profiled attack scenarios, which can directly reflect the performance of the traces in practical attack. The method is applied to unprotected, unaligned, and masked traces respectively. The experimental results indicate that it can enormously optimize the quality of the traces and improve the efficiency of non-profiled side-channel attacks.
摘要：
Salinity is a significant limiting factor that adversely affects plant growth, distribution and crop yield. Ethylene responsive factors play crucial roles in plant responses to and tolerance of various abiotic stresses. Recently, we revealed that OsERF2 is involved in root growth by transcriptionally regulating hormone and sugar signaling in rice. Here, we report that OsERF2 is a direct target gene of OsEIL1 and negatively regulates salt tolerance in rice. Compared to the wild type, the gain-of-function mutant of OsERF2 (nsf2857) and the knockdown of OsERF2 via an artificial microRNA (Ami-ERF2) exhibited decreased and increased salt tolerance, respectively. The enhanced salt tolerance observed in Ami-OsERF2 lines was associated with lower accumulations of malondialdehyde and reactive oxygen species (ROS) under salt stress, while the opposite was true for nsf2857 plants, which exhibited decreased salt tolerance. At the transcriptional level, several stress-related genes encoding ROS and NAD(P)H-related oxidoreductases were downregulated in nsf2857 plants but upregulated in Ami-ERF2 plants. Furthermore, yeast one-hybrid and ChIP assays revealed that OsEIL1 can bind to the of EBS cis element present in the promoter of OsERF2 (-bp), suggesting that OsEIL1 may directly regulate the expression of OsERF2. Collectively, our findings indicate that OsERF2 is a direct downstream factor involved in the regulation of salt tolerance in rice, highlighting its potential application in the genetic improvement of tolerance to abiotic stresses in this crop.
作者机构：
[Ouyang, Wenxi; Liu, Sai; Fang, Yiling; Liu, Jinghua; Wang, Wenbin; Lu, Weihong; Lei, Ke; Li, Ying; Yuan, Chenxu; Yang, Guiying; Hong, Zuchen; Li, Zhongliang; Tan, Liang] Hengyang Normal Univ, Sch Chem & Mat Sci, Hunan Engn Res Ctr Monitoring & Treatment Heavy Me, Hengyang 421008, Peoples R China.;[Li, Hui] Nanjing Univ Sci & Technol, Inst Computat Mol & Mat Sci, Sch Chem & Chem Engn, Nanjing 210094, Peoples R China.;[Zheng, Qifeng; Cai, Yuepeng] South China Normal Univ, Sch Chem, Guangzhou Key Lab Mat Energy Convers & Storage, Guangzhou 510006, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Cai, YP ] S;[Lu, WH ; Li, ZL] H;Hengyang Normal Univ, Sch Chem & Mat Sci, Hunan Engn Res Ctr Monitoring & Treatment Heavy Me, Hengyang 421008, Peoples R China.;South China Normal Univ, Sch Chem, Guangzhou Key Lab Mat Energy Convers & Storage, Guangzhou 510006, Peoples R China.
关键词：
aqueous zinc-ion batteries;dendrite-free;fluorine-decorated;homogenizing Zn2+ ion flux;metal-organic framework
摘要：
Aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) have emerged as a promising complement to lithium-ion batteries due to their inherent safety benefits. However, the cycle life of AZIBs is severely limited by the poor stability of zinc anodes, manifested in uncontrolled dendritic growth and persistent side reactions, which hinder wider application. Herein, we report an ion-selective separator (UIO-66-4F/GF) achieved by in situ growth of a fluorine-functionalized metal–organic framework (UIO-66-4F) onto commercial glass fiber (GF). The synergistic mechanism, involving electrostatic repulsion between -F groups and SO 4 2 − $$ {\mathrm{SO}}_4^{2-} $$ anions along with strong interactions between -F and Zn 2+ cations, effectively restricts SO 4 2 − $$ {\mathrm{SO}}_4^{2-} $$ migration, suppresses 2D Zn 2+ diffusion across electrode interfaces, and enhances [Zn(H 2 O) 6 ] 2+ desolvation. Furthermore, the -F groups enable precise regulation of interfacial electric fields and Zn 2+ concentration gradients, thereby homogenizing ion flux to realize dendrite-free Zn deposition. The UIO-66-4F separator achieves stable Zn||Zn cell operation for 1500 h at 1 mA cm −2 via oriented deposition and sustains long-term cycling over 1000 h at 1 mA cm −2 , and delivers a Zn||Cu cell with 99.4% Coulombic efficiency. Moreover, the Zn|UIO-66-4F/GF|NH 4 V 4 O 10 full cell represents an ultrastable cycling stability with a high capacity retention of 90% after 500 cycles at a current density of 1 A g −1 .
摘要：
Classifying hyperspectral images (HSIs) is a key challenge in remote sensing, with convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and transformer models becoming leading techniques in this area. CNNs, while effective, often struggle to adequately capture intricate semantic features, and increasing network depth leads to significantly higher computational costs. Conversely, transformers, despite their efficacy in modeling spectral-spatial dependencies, introduce significant computational overhead due to their complexity. Mamba, leveraging the state space model (SSM), presents a compelling alternative that efficiently captures long-range dependencies in HSIs while ensuring computational efficiency with linear complexity. To improve the classification performance of HSIs by simultaneously extracting rich local and global spatial-spectral features, as well as deep semantic features, while reducing the computational complexity of the model, this paper proposes an innovative hybrid large selective kernel and convolutional additive self-attention model (HLSK-CASMamba) for HSI classification. First, we design a feature extraction module that combines a 3D convolution layer, a 2D convolution layer, and a large selective kernel (LSK) network, enabling the efficient extraction of both depth-related and spatial details information from HSIs. Second, we propose a novel CASMamba model, with its core module, CAS-VSSM, combining convolutional additive self-attention (CAS) and the vision state-space sequence model (VSSM). This fusion leverages the local feature extraction of convolutions, spatial dependency modeling of self-attention, and long-range dependency handling of VSSM, enhancing the capture of both local and global context while ensuring computational efficiency. Finally, we incorporate the KANLinear module to replace the traditional linear layer, enhancing sample label acquisition. Extensive evaluations on three popular HSIs show that, under 10% training samples, the proposed method achieves 99.57% accuracy on the Houston 2013 dataset, 99.96% on the Botswana dataset, and 99.92% on the University of Pavia dataset, outperforming various existing advanced techniques.
作者机构：
[Li, Lang] Hengyang Normal Univ, Coll Comp Sci & Technol, Hengyang 421002, Peoples R China.;Hengyang Normal Univ, Hunan Prov Key Lab Intelligent Informat Proc & App, Hengyang 421002, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Li, L ] H;Hengyang Normal Univ, Coll Comp Sci & Technol, Hengyang 421002, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Side-channel analysis;Sample correlation locally;Deep learning;Kernel density estimation;Profiling analysis
摘要：
Label distribution learning techniques can significantly enhance the effectiveness of side-channel analysis. However, this method relies on using probability density functions to estimate the relationships between labels. The settings of parameters play a crucial role in the impact of the attacks. This study introduces a non-parametric statistical method to calculate the distribution between labels, specifically employing smoothing with the Gaussian kernel function and adjusting bandwidth. Then, the aggregation of the results from each label processed by the Gaussian kernel facilitates a hypothesis-free estimation of the label distribution. This method accurately represents the actual leakage distribution, speeding up guess entropy convergence. Secondly, we exploit similarities between profiling traces, proposing an analysis scheme for sample correlation locally of label distribution learning. Furthermore, Signal to-Noise Ratio (SNR) is employed to re-extract and reduce dataset dimensions to 500 power consumption points, resulting in noise reduction. Our results showcase the successful training of 800 profiling traces using our method for sample correlation locally of label distribution learning, with the findings indicating its exceptional performance.
Label distribution learning techniques can significantly enhance the effectiveness of side-channel analysis. However, this method relies on using probability density functions to estimate the relationships between labels. The settings of parameters play a crucial role in the impact of the attacks. This study introduces a non-parametric statistical method to calculate the distribution between labels, specifically employing smoothing with the Gaussian kernel function and adjusting bandwidth. Then, the aggregation of the results from each label processed by the Gaussian kernel facilitates a hypothesis-free estimation of the label distribution. This method accurately represents the actual leakage distribution, speeding up guess entropy convergence. Secondly, we exploit similarities between profiling traces, proposing an analysis scheme for sample correlation locally of label distribution learning. Furthermore, Signal to-Noise Ratio (SNR) is employed to re-extract and reduce dataset dimensions to 500 power consumption points, resulting in noise reduction. Our results showcase the successful training of 800 profiling traces using our method for sample correlation locally of label distribution learning, with the findings indicating its exceptional performance.
通讯机构：
[Zhao, HH ] H;Hengyang Normal Univ, Sch Comp Sci & Technol, Hengyang, Peoples R China.;Hunan Univ, Natl Engn Lab Robot Visual Percept & Control Techn, Changsha, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Auto-encoder;Computer vision;De-raining;LSTM;SSIM loss function
摘要：
Video de-raining is of significant importance problem in computer vision as rain streaks adversely affect the visual quality of images and hinder subsequent vision-related tasks. Existing video de-raining methods still face challenges such as black shadows and loss of details. In this paper, we introduced a novel de-raining framework called STVDNet, which effectively solves the issues of black shadows and detail loss after de-raining. STVDNet utilizes a Spatial Detail Feature Extraction Module based on an auto-encoder to capture the spatial characteristics of the video. Additionally, we introduced an innovative interaction between the extracted spatial features and Spatio-Temporal features using LSTM to generate initial de-raining results. Finally, we employed 3D convolution and 2D convolution for the detailed processing of the coarse videos. During the training process, we utilized three loss functions, among which the SSIM loss function was employed to process the generated videos, aiming to enhance their detail structure and color recovery. Through extensive experiments conducted on three public datasets, we demonstrated the superiority of our proposed method over state-of-the-art approaches. We also provide our code and pre-trained models at
https://github.com/O-Y-ZONE/STVDNet.git
.
通讯机构：
[Chen, W ] H;Hengyang Normal Univ, Coll Chem & Mat Sci, Key Lab Funct Organometall Mat, Coll Hunan Prov, Hengyang 421008, Peoples R China.
关键词：
G4s;ROS;Fluorescence imaging;Flow cytometry
摘要：
Endogenous G-quadruplexes (G4s) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) form a complex regulatory network in tumors, and their interaction is both a key link in tumor development and provides a breakthrough for the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. Although reports on the activation of G4s fluorescent probes are common, fluorescent probes suitable for studying the relationship between intracellular G4s and ROS are extremely rare. In this work, we successfully synthesized a series of novel neutral G4s-targeting molecules (PMT, PNB, PMI, and PMD). In vitro analysis experiments revealed that PMT, PNB, PMI, and PMD can be selectively activated by G4 structures, with their fluorescence intensities enhanced by 75-fold, 31-fold, 32-fold, and 3-fold, respectively. Molecular docking experiments have shown that small molecules are predominantly embedded within nucleic acids and stabilize the basis of binding through hydrogen bonding and Π-hydrogen interactions with nucleic acids. Moreover, confocal fluorescence imaging and flow cytometry (FC) analyses revealed the expression of intracellular G4s may be an increase under ROS conditions, further verifying that ROS may promote the formation of intracellular G4s by experiments in which the cells were made to generate endogenous reactive oxygen species through light exposure to the photosensitizer (BAMA). In the present work, a platform for simple and convenient accurate monitoring of G4s is provided, offering insights into the sensitivity and accuracy of detection and imaging of G4s in abnormal physiological processes and diseases.
Endogenous G-quadruplexes (G4s) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) form a complex regulatory network in tumors, and their interaction is both a key link in tumor development and provides a breakthrough for the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. Although reports on the activation of G4s fluorescent probes are common, fluorescent probes suitable for studying the relationship between intracellular G4s and ROS are extremely rare. In this work, we successfully synthesized a series of novel neutral G4s-targeting molecules (PMT, PNB, PMI, and PMD). In vitro analysis experiments revealed that PMT, PNB, PMI, and PMD can be selectively activated by G4 structures, with their fluorescence intensities enhanced by 75-fold, 31-fold, 32-fold, and 3-fold, respectively. Molecular docking experiments have shown that small molecules are predominantly embedded within nucleic acids and stabilize the basis of binding through hydrogen bonding and Π-hydrogen interactions with nucleic acids. Moreover, confocal fluorescence imaging and flow cytometry (FC) analyses revealed the expression of intracellular G4s may be an increase under ROS conditions, further verifying that ROS may promote the formation of intracellular G4s by experiments in which the cells were made to generate endogenous reactive oxygen species through light exposure to the photosensitizer (BAMA). In the present work, a platform for simple and convenient accurate monitoring of G4s is provided, offering insights into the sensitivity and accuracy of detection and imaging of G4s in abnormal physiological processes and diseases.
期刊：
Results in Engineering,2025年26:105171 ISSN：2590-1230
通讯作者：
Quanguo He
作者机构：
[Deng, Peihong] Hengyang Normal Univ, Dept Chem & Mat Sci, Key Lab Organometall New Mat, Key Lab Funct Met Organ Cpds Hunan Prov, Hengyang 421008, Peoples R China.;[He, Quanguo; Chen, Aiting; Zhou, Chuanqin; Tang, Nana; Shi, Shuting; He, QG] Hunan Univ Technol, Coll Life Sci & Chem, Zhuzhou 412007, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[He, QG ] H;Hunan Univ Technol, Coll Life Sci & Chem, Zhuzhou 412007, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Co 9 S 8;reduced graphene oxide;electrochemical detection;tryptophan;uric acid;dopamine
摘要：
A cost-effective and simple electrochemical approach was developed for the simultaneous detection of tryptophan (Trp), uric acid (UA) and dopamine (DA). Through hydrothermal synthesis, Co 9 S 8 was combined with graphene oxide (GO) using physical ultrasound. Subsequently, the Co 9 S 8 -RGO/GCE was created by electrochemically reducing a Co 9 S 8 -GO dispersion after drop-coating it onto the GCE surface. The amalgamation of Co 9 S 8 with RGO conferred the sensor with remarkable sensitivity, outstanding selectivity, and robust catalytic prowess towards DA, UA and Trp. The ternary mixture exhibited notable peak separations of up to 160 mV, 278 mV, and 438 mV between DA–UA, UA–Trp, and DA–Trp, respectively. The linear calibration ranges spanned 0.1–2.0 μM and 2.0–10 μM for DA, 0.06–10 μM for UA, and 0.02–10 μM for Trp, with matching 0.04 µM for DA, 0.02 µM for UA, and 6.0 nM for Trp detection limits (S/N=3). Moreover, the sensor's effective use in the identification of DA, UA and Trp in authentic samples yielded satisfactory results.
A cost-effective and simple electrochemical approach was developed for the simultaneous detection of tryptophan (Trp), uric acid (UA) and dopamine (DA). Through hydrothermal synthesis, Co 9 S 8 was combined with graphene oxide (GO) using physical ultrasound. Subsequently, the Co 9 S 8 -RGO/GCE was created by electrochemically reducing a Co 9 S 8 -GO dispersion after drop-coating it onto the GCE surface. The amalgamation of Co 9 S 8 with RGO conferred the sensor with remarkable sensitivity, outstanding selectivity, and robust catalytic prowess towards DA, UA and Trp. The ternary mixture exhibited notable peak separations of up to 160 mV, 278 mV, and 438 mV between DA–UA, UA–Trp, and DA–Trp, respectively. The linear calibration ranges spanned 0.1–2.0 μM and 2.0–10 μM for DA, 0.06–10 μM for UA, and 0.02–10 μM for Trp, with matching 0.04 µM for DA, 0.02 µM for UA, and 6.0 nM for Trp detection limits (S/N=3). Moreover, the sensor's effective use in the identification of DA, UA and Trp in authentic samples yielded satisfactory results.
作者机构：
[Sun, Weifeng] Hengyang Normal Univ, Coll Life Sci, Hunan Key Lab Conservat & Utilizat Biol Resources, Hengyang 421008, Peoples R China.;[Peng, Changbo; Ye, Xiaoqing; Che, Zhenming; Ding, Wenwu; Chen, Yu; Mei, Xiaoqing; Liu, Yi; Ding, Jing; Zheng, Yuhui] Xihua Univ, Coll Food & Bioengn, Chengdu 610039, Peoples R China.;[Liu, Yuan] Sichuan Univ, Expt Teaching Ctr Basic Chem, Chengdu 610207, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Liu, Y ] S;[Ding, WW ] X;Xihua Univ, Coll Food & Bioengn, Chengdu 610039, Peoples R China.;Sichuan Univ, Expt Teaching Ctr Basic Chem, Chengdu 610207, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Doubanjiang-meju;Rotary-drum fermenter;Unsteady temperature field;Flavor quality;Aflatoxin B 1
摘要：
In this study, the flavor of the doubanjiang-meju product in the rotary-drum fermenter (PRF) was evaluated by comparing that of the product under the constant temperature (PCT) and the product in the traditional fermentation (PTF). The physicochemical indexes of PRF were optimal, with organic acid content 1.1 and 1.76 times that of PCT and PTF, respectively. A total of 201 flavors were detected in the three products. The flavor content in PRF were 27.24% and 130.72% higher than in PCT and PTF while its aflatoxin B 1 (AFB 1 ) content was the lowest. The colors of PRF were closer to the reddish-brown, and the PRF possessed higher sauce flavor, enduring fragrance, alcohol smell as quantitative descriptive analysis (QDA) shows. A total of four aroma compounds with OAV>1 were identified in the three products. Correlation analysis indicated that the correlations between aromas and other indicators in PRF were the most obvious. These results indicated that the PRF quality was superior to that of PCT and PTF because of the improved mass and heat transfer. The large-scale industrial production might be limited due to the equipment rotation. This study could provide valuable reference to improve the flavor and quality of doubanjiang-meju.
In this study, the flavor of the doubanjiang-meju product in the rotary-drum fermenter (PRF) was evaluated by comparing that of the product under the constant temperature (PCT) and the product in the traditional fermentation (PTF). The physicochemical indexes of PRF were optimal, with organic acid content 1.1 and 1.76 times that of PCT and PTF, respectively. A total of 201 flavors were detected in the three products. The flavor content in PRF were 27.24% and 130.72% higher than in PCT and PTF while its aflatoxin B 1 (AFB 1 ) content was the lowest. The colors of PRF were closer to the reddish-brown, and the PRF possessed higher sauce flavor, enduring fragrance, alcohol smell as quantitative descriptive analysis (QDA) shows. A total of four aroma compounds with OAV>1 were identified in the three products. Correlation analysis indicated that the correlations between aromas and other indicators in PRF were the most obvious. These results indicated that the PRF quality was superior to that of PCT and PTF because of the improved mass and heat transfer. The large-scale industrial production might be limited due to the equipment rotation. This study could provide valuable reference to improve the flavor and quality of doubanjiang-meju.
摘要：
Electrochemical conversion of nitrate offers an efficient approach to mitigate nitrate pollution and ammonia synthesis but is still challenged by the slow kinetics and selectivity issues of active sites. Herein, by performing density functional theory (DFT) calculations, we report a double-atom catalyst of PdCu–C 7 N 6 by incorporating Pd and Cu together embedded in C 7 N 6 frameworks, which not only shows outstanding catalytic performance with a low limiting potential of 0.36 V, but also can effectively inhibit the competing hydrogen evolution reactions. The high NO 3 RR activity on PdCu–C 7 N 6 is well explained by the polarizable bond length as well as the asymmetric charge distribution of Pd–Cu dual active sites. This DFT work opens an avenue for developing highly efficient multicomponent NO 3 RR electrocatalysts.
期刊：
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NETWORK SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING,2025年:1-12 ISSN：2327-4697
作者机构：
[Liuyan Yan; Lang Li; Qingling Song] College of Computer Science and Technology and the Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing and Application, Hengyang Normal University, Hengyang, China
摘要：
Lightweight S-boxes have a significant impact on cryptographic algorithms for resource-constrained devices in the Internet of Things (IoT). Previous research on such S-oxes has focused on low area and good cryptographic properties, which neglects the resistance to side-channel analysis, especially differential power analysis (DPA). The reVisited transparency order (VTO) is one of the best indicators for evaluating S-boxes against DPA attacks so far. Therefore, this paper presents a scheme for designing 6-bit S-boxes. The designed S-boxes are suitable for lightweight block ciphers and have a certain ability to resist DPA attacks. Specifically, we first identify 23 3-bit S-boxes with the optimal cryptographic properties and the smallest hardware area through systematic screening. Then, the paper investigates the constructions of lightweight 6-bit S-boxes based on traditional algorithm structures. Finally, a novel structure named F-LM-F is proposed for designing lightweight 6-bit S-boxes by combining Feistel structure and Lai-Massey structure. It has been proven through comparison that the S-boxes under F-LM-F structure achieve fewer fixed points and lower VTO than the 6-bit S-box of BipBip cipher, with a 17.61% reduction in hardware area and a 13.58% decrease in CPU cycles
摘要：
Current camouflaged object detection (COD) methods rely heavily on large-scale datasets with pixel-level annotations. We propose a semi-supervised iterative learning network (SILNet) to address the reliance on large-scale pixel-level annotations in COD. SILNet employs a co-training strategy with convolutional networks and Transformers as encoders, followed by a binary gated decoder (BGD) for feature fusion. To optimize the use of labeled data, we introduce an optimal representative election mechanism (OREM) to identify key sequences of unlabeled images, guiding iterative learning and pseudo-label generation. To reduce noise in pseudo-labels, we incorporate a long-range representation module (LRM) leveraging Mamba’s background modeling. Experiments show that SILNet trained with only 10% of the labeled data outperforms state-of-theart unsupervised and weakly supervised methods, achieving performance competitive with fully supervised models.
关键词：
out-of-time-ordered correlato;quantum chaos;quantum Rabi model
摘要：
Quantum chaos is an intriguing topic and has attracted a great deal of interests in quantum mechanics and black hole physics. Recently, the exponential growth of out-of-time-ordered correlator (OTOC) has been proposed to diagnose quantum chaos and verify the correspondence principle. Here, good correspondence is found between the linear entanglement entropy and the semiclassical phase space structures in the anisotropic quantum Rabi model. The Loschmidt echo in the chaotic sea decays more faster than that in the stable island. However, the OTOCs grow exponentially at early times for the initial states centered both in the chaotic and stable regions. The exponential growth of the OTOC is attributed to quantum collapse that provides a novel mechanism of yielding exponential growth of the OTOC in quantum systems. Moreover, the quantum collapse effect is more obvious for the initial states centered in the chaotic one. The results show that in the anisotropic quantum Rabi model, the linear entanglement entropy, and Loschmidt echo are more effective than OTOC for diagnosing quantum chaotic signals.
通讯机构：
[Wei, XL ; Cao, JX] X;Xiangtan Univ, Dept Phys, Xiangtan 411105, Peoples R China.;Xiangtan Univ, Hunan Prov Key Lab Smart Carbon Mat & Adv Sensing, Xiangtan 411105, Peoples R China.;Hengyang Normal Univ, Coll Phys & Elect Engn, Hengyang 421002, Peoples R China.
摘要：
Two-dimensional black arsenic phosphorus has attracted significant interest due to its extraordinary electronic, optical, and transport properties. Therefore, in this work, we go through all the possibilities, including 3297 nonrepetitive configurations, and demonstrate the lowest energy structure of the As x P 1– x ( x = 0.4) monolayer by first-principles calculations. Our results indicate that both single-layer and bilayer As 4 P 6 host direct and indirect bandgap semiconductors with bandgaps of 1.94 and 1.26 eV, respectively, which exhibit good light adsorption within the visible light and infrared region. Moreover, both single-layer and bilayer As 4 P 6 possess high electron and hole mobilities (up to 2.6 × 10 4 cm 2 v –1 s –1 ), which also exhibit extreme carrier anisotropy originating from their high in-plane lattice anisotropy. Furthermore, bilayer As 4 P 6 exhibits exceptional device characteristics including a lower threshold voltage, higher on-state current, and higher conductance. In addition, the transmission coefficient spectrum of bilayer As 4 P 6 is three times greater than that of the monolayer owing to an increased number of electronic channels. Additionally, the extinction ratio of single-layer As 4 P 6 exhibits high anisotropy, indicating enhanced polarization sensitivity in the zigzag direction. Our findings provide two excellent candidate materials for the application of optoelectronic devices.
摘要：
Janus two-dimensional materials have attracted extensive research attention owing to their intrinsic electric dipole moments and excellent properties. Here, a systematic study on the electronic properties of In 2 Se 2 S/WSiGeX 4 (X = N, P, As) van der Waals heterostructures (vdWHs) is presented. The results showed that the different interfacial stacking configurations can modulate the net dipole moment strength and band alignment of In 2 Se 2 S/WSiGeX 4 vdWHs. The In 2 Se 2 S/WSiGeP 4 vdWHs exhibit type-I band alignment with direct bandgap characteristics when adopting Si(Ge)/Se interfacial contacts, whereas type-II band alignment accompanied by indirect bandgap features emerges in systems with Si(Ge)/S interfacial configurations. Notably, the Si (Ge)/S interface exhibits a higher charge transfer capacity compared to the Si (Ge)/Se interface. Furthermore, the bandgap of heterostructure undergoes significant changes primarily when the interface atoms change from S atom to Se atom. In addition, the bandgap of In 2 Se 2 S/WSiGeP 4 vdWHs with Ge/Se (S) interface contact exhibits a first increase and then decrease tendency under compressive (tensile) strain, and a directly decrease trend under tensile (compressive) strain. Our results provide immense promise for the development and application of Janus heterostructure, offering a useful guidance for future device designs.
作者机构：
[Zhou, Wang; Han, Miaomiao; Liu, Jilei; Gao, Peng; Tang, Rui; Mo, Ying] Hunan Univ, Coll Mat Sci & Engn, Hunan Joint Int Lab Adv Mat & Technol Clean Energy, Hunan Prov Key Lab Adv Carbon Mat & Appl Technol, Changsha 410082, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Wang, Dan] Hengyang Normal Univ, Univ Hunan Prov, Key Lab Micronano Energy Mat & Applicat Technol, Hengyang 421002, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Wang, Dan] Hengyang Normal Univ, Coll Phys & Elect Engn, Hengyang 421002, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Chen, Shi] Univ Macau, Inst Appl Phys & Mat Engn, Joint Key Lab, Minist Educ, Taipa 999078, Macao, Peoples R China.;[Yoshii, Takeharu; Wakabayashi, Keigo; Nishihara, Hirotomo] Tohoku Univ, Inst Multidisciplinary Res Adv Mat, 2-1-1 Katahira,Aoba Ku, Sendai, Miyagi 9808577, Japan.
通讯机构：
[Liu, JL ] H;Hunan Univ, Coll Mat Sci & Engn, Hunan Joint Int Lab Adv Mat & Technol Clean Energy, Hunan Prov Key Lab Adv Carbon Mat & Appl Technol, Changsha 410082, Hunan, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Hard carbon;Surface chemistry;C-H bond;Initial coulombic efficiency;Adsorption capacity
摘要：
Controlling surface chemistry is critically important for improving the initial Coulombic efficiency (ICE) and adsorption capacity of hard carbon anode used in Li/Na/K-ion batteries. However, accurately identifying the types and concentrations of hydrogen/oxygen terminated functional groups (HTFG/OTFGs) and distinguishing their functionalities remain challenge. Herein, we quantitatively investigated the surface chemistry on hard carbon via ultra-high temperature programed desorption measurements, and uncovered the role of HTFG/OTFGs in influencing ICE and adsorption capacity in Li/Na/K-ions cells. The C–H group is found to be dominant species on the surface of hard carbon, and presents a positive correlation with ICE values and adsorption capacity. The low reactivity of C–H group with both electrolyte salt and solvent results in the formation of thinner and highly conducive solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer, which benefit for the enhanced ICE and improved Li/Na/K-ions diffusion across SEI layer. Additionally, the pimping trapping effect of C–H groups allows the adsorbed Li/Na/K-ions to migrate into graphitic interlayer quickly, enhancing the slope capacity. By fabricating a C–H group-rich surface chemistry on hard carbon, a high ICE value and satisfactory specific capacity have been realized. These findings enrich our understanding of the surface chemistry-induced interfacial reaction, which effectively guides the rational design of high-performance hard carbon.
Controlling surface chemistry is critically important for improving the initial Coulombic efficiency (ICE) and adsorption capacity of hard carbon anode used in Li/Na/K-ion batteries. However, accurately identifying the types and concentrations of hydrogen/oxygen terminated functional groups (HTFG/OTFGs) and distinguishing their functionalities remain challenge. Herein, we quantitatively investigated the surface chemistry on hard carbon via ultra-high temperature programed desorption measurements, and uncovered the role of HTFG/OTFGs in influencing ICE and adsorption capacity in Li/Na/K-ions cells. The C–H group is found to be dominant species on the surface of hard carbon, and presents a positive correlation with ICE values and adsorption capacity. The low reactivity of C–H group with both electrolyte salt and solvent results in the formation of thinner and highly conducive solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer, which benefit for the enhanced ICE and improved Li/Na/K-ions diffusion across SEI layer. Additionally, the pimping trapping effect of C–H groups allows the adsorbed Li/Na/K-ions to migrate into graphitic interlayer quickly, enhancing the slope capacity. By fabricating a C–H group-rich surface chemistry on hard carbon, a high ICE value and satisfactory specific capacity have been realized. These findings enrich our understanding of the surface chemistry-induced interfacial reaction, which effectively guides the rational design of high-performance hard carbon.
