Based on the investigation conducted in Ziyun Village,Qingdong County,Hunan Province, the authors described and analyzed the effect of household farm economic behavior on land quality in hilly red soil region of South-Hunan from six aspects:land status quo, vocational selection, farm implements and farmland facility, cultivation manner and beneficial drive. Result shows that household farms in Ziyun Village values 'breed' more than 'soil', the organic content of farmland soil reduces,the physics and chemical properties become bad, the natural fertility of soil is reduced, and that dry land and...