Consecutive changes in intracellular IP3 concentration and mitochondrial activity modulated multiple frequencies of calcium oscillations, which spread as a form of wave in cytosol space and accepted by frequency-sensitive molecules. Calcium signal was transformed into regulations on enzyme activity, which ultimately regulated metabolism and gene expression. Maybe the frequency of calcium oscillation in exercise-induced cardiac restructure was much higher than that in pathological cardiac hypertrophy. Molecular decoder of calcium signals in cardiac myocyte will be one of t...
