Two-dimensional (2D) layered SnP(2)S(6 )has been synthesized in experiments, which has attracted much attention for application in optoelectronic devices. However, the influence of common adsorbates (i.e., H2O and O-2) and vacancy defects may play a key role in optoelectronic devices. Herein, we systematically investigate the optoelectronic properties of the SnP(2)S(6 )monolayer in the presence of H2O, O-2, and vacancies by first principles. The results show that the O-2 and H2O molecules behave qualitatively differently on the SnP(2)S(6 )surface. The presence of S atom vacancies significantly...