It used the method of literature to analyze the physiological action mechanism of Leptin and the effect of longterm exercise on its level. The results show that Leptin with ob gene code has multiphase functions, such as reducing fat content, maintaining energy balance, adjusting metabolism, reproduction and secretion of hormones, strengthening immune function etc. The effect of long-term exercise on Leptin is more complicated and there probably exist other unknown factors besides those of changes in body fat, energy balance, hormone level and so on, which needs more experimental researches on ...