Holes are hardly avoided in wireless sensor networks because of geographical environments and characteristics of sensor nodes. Since data packets transmit around the boundary of holes in greedy perimeter stateless routing (GPSR),in which is easy to result in excessively energy consume of nodes and data collisions,so it couldn't solve the problem of local minimum phenomenon very well. In this paper, an improved algorithm proposes a routing scheme optimizes the routing path no matter where the source node and the destination node appears in the networks, al...
