According to the statistics from 2002 to 2008, the authors used water footprint as research methods to conduct a comprehensive assessment of virtual water consumption structure and water use efficiency in urban and rural residents of Hunan Province. The results indicated that the total of water footprint and the per capita of water footprint was slowly decreasing during 2000 to 2008 in Hunan Province. The average of diversity index of virtual water consumption structure in urban was higher than that in rural areas, showing that the consumer attitudes and patterns of urban residents was more re...