关键词：
Tourism litter management;The theory of planned behavior;Incentive measures;Travel companions;Pro-environmental behaviors
摘要：
Bringing self-generated litter down the mountain is an emerging pro-environmental behavior to solve the problem of trail's litter management in China. This study is the first attempt to explore a theoretical explanation model that explicates tourists' complex intention-forming process for engaging in it. The study extended the Theory of Planned Behavior model, including three additional explaining variables (environmental theory knowledge, environmental practice knowledge, and incentive measures), as well as a moderator of travel companions between subjective norm and the behavioral intention. The data were collected in questionnaire survey samples of 372 tourists in Huangshan National Park (HNP) and analyzed by the method of the structural equation model. The results showed that (1) attitude toward the behavior, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control and incentive measures significantly affected the behavioral intention; (2) environmental theory knowledge and environmental practice knowledge had indirect effects on the behavioral intention via the mediator of attitude toward the behavior; and (3) the strength of the relationship for the family group between subjective norm and the behavioral intention was significantly greater than the non-family group. Finally, we presented several effective suggestions to improve tourists' intention of bringing self-generated litter down the mountain. (C) 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
会议名称：
IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS)
会议时间：
JUL 23-28, 2017
会议地点：
Fort Worth, TX
会议主办单位：
[Liu, Hongli;Zhang, Jinshui;Pan, Yaozhong;Zhu, Xiufang] Beijing mal Univ, Inst Remote Sensing & Engn, Skate Key Lab Earth Surface Proc & Resource Ecol, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China.^[Liu, Hongli] Hengyang Normal Univ, Coll City & Tourism, Hengyang 421002, Peoples R China.^[Shuai, Guanyuan] Michigan State Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, E Lansing, MI 48864 USA.^[Zhu, Shuang] Beijing Polytech Coll, Beijing 100042, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Canopy height model (CHM);object oriented;point cloud;rice;support vector machine (SVM)
摘要：
Unmanned aerial vehicle technology which is capable of acquiring the centimeter-level orthographic images provides a promising way to map the paddy rice extent. However, crop spectral mixture is still the major that limits the performance of paddy rice identification when using the spectral information alone. In order to eliminate the influence of spectral mixture on crop mapping accuracy, an innovative method was proposed to produce field-level canopy height data by calculating the elevation difference between the vegetated and nonvegetated parcels. We applied support vector machine on four types of datasets: 1) Pixel-based Spectral Features (PSF); 2) PSF and Canopy Height Features; 3) Object-based Spectral Features (OSF); and 4) Object-based Spectral Features and Canopy Height Features (OSCHF). The results showed that the full-class classification accuracy from OSCHF was the highest with an overall accuracy of 94.04% and Kappa of 0.91, which was significantly higher than result using OSF, and the accuracy of PSF was the worst. The OSF could eliminate speckle noise problem to some extent, but grapes and trees were still to some extent misclassified as paddy rice due to similar spectrum. Fortunately, these confusions were effectively avoided by including the canopy height.
作者机构：
[Liu, Jie; Shirazi, Zeeshan; Ren, Hongge; Wang, Xinyuan] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Remote Sensing & Digital Earth, 9 Dengzhuang South Rd, Beijing 100094, Peoples R China.;[Liu, Jie; Ren, Hongge] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China.;[Quan, Bin] Hengyang Normal Univ, Coll City & Tourism, Hengyang 421002, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Ren, Hongge] C;[Ren, Hongge] U;Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Remote Sensing & Digital Earth, 9 Dengzhuang South Rd, Beijing 100094, Peoples R China.;Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Angkor World Heritage;urban expansion;photointerpretation;remote sensing;CA-Markov model
摘要：
Recent increases in urbanization and tourism threaten the viability of UNESCO world heritage sites across the globe. The Angkor world heritage site located in southern Cambodia is now facing such a challenge. Over the past two decades, Angkor has seen over 300,000% growth in international tourist arrivals, which has led to uncontrolled development of the nearby city of Siem Reap. This study uses remote sensing and GIS to comprehend the process of urban expansion during the past 14 years, and has applied the CA-Markov model to predict future urban expansion. This paper analyzes the urban pressure on the Angkor site at different scales. The results reveal that the urban area of Siem Reap city increased from 28.23 km(2) in 2004 to 73.56 km(2) in 2017, an increase of 160%. Urban growth mainly represented a transit-oriented pattern of expansion, and it was also observed that land surfaces, such as arable land, forests, and grasslands, were transformed into urban residential land. The total constructed land area in the core and buffer zones increased by 12.99 km(2) from 2004 to 2017, and 72% of the total increase was in the buffer zone. It is predicted that the built-up area in Siem Reap is expected to cover 135.09 km(2) by 2025 and 159.14 km(2) by 2030. The number of monuments that are most likely be affected by urban expansion is expected to increase from 9 in 2017 to 14 in 2025 and 17 in 2030. The urban area in Siem Reap has increased dramatically over the past decade and monuments continue to be decimated by urban expansion. This paper urges closer attention and urgent actions to minimize the urban pressure on the Angkor site in the future.
期刊：
Building and Environment,2021年188:107473 ISSN：0360-1323
通讯作者：
Fu, Jing
作者机构：
[Zhou, Jialu; Deng, Yunyuan; Fu, Jing] Hengyang Normal Univ, Cooperat Innovat Ctr Digitalizat Cultural Heritag, Hengyang 421002, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Zhou, Jialu; Deng, Yunyuan; Fu, Jing] Hengyang Normal Univ, Natl Local Joint Engn Lab Digital Preservat & Inn, Hengyang 421002, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Zhou, Jialu; Deng, Yunyuan; Fu, Jing] Hengyang Normal Univ, Coll City & Tourism, Hengyang 421002, Hunan, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Fu, Jing] H;Hengyang Normal Univ, Cooperat Innovat Ctr Digitalizat Cultural Heritag, Hengyang 421002, Hunan, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Spatial pattern;Vernacular architecture;Value grading;Tangible cultural heritage;Traditional village;Integral preservation
摘要：
Traditional residences are among the most important tangible cultural heritage. This paper evaluates and explores the quality of individual traditional residences and the heritage value of a complex of traditional residences in Western Hunan in China. The former indicates how well the external characteristics of the building are preserved, whilst the latter refers to the integration of use values, ecology principles and cultural features. Based on the survey of the selected 7 traditional villages, the authors have built a spatial database of these villages on the strength of GIS, RS and GPS techniques, and employed an architectural evaluation method to grade the exterior quality of individual traditional residences, followed by the construction of an evaluation indicator system and the use of entropy weight method to score the value of traditional residences, thereby systematically unveiling how indicators influence the value of traditional residences. The results reveal that well-preserved and prime-quality traditional residences are quite rare. Average-quality individual traditional residences outnumber other quality levels in all selected traditional villages. These villages differ in the value of their traditional residences, which is susceptible to both natural and cultural factors. Architectural elements play a dominant role, and the change in architectural form serves as an important criterion for determining whether the traditional residence in question has been transformed into a modern building. The value of traditional rural residences is mainly reflected in the authenticity of the architectural form and the building material, which are crucial to the intact pass-down of their unique architectural styles.
摘要：
Peatlands are abundant elements of boreal landscapes where inorganic mercury (IHg) can be transformed into bioaccumulating and highly toxic methylmercury (MeHg). We studied fifteen peatlands divided into three age lasses (young, intermediate and old) along a geographically constrained chronosequence to determine the role of biogeochemical factors and nutrient availability in controlling the formation of MeHg. In the 10 cm soil layer just below the average annual growing season water table, concentrations of MeHg and %MeHg (of total Hg) were higher in younger, more mesotrophic peatlands than in older, more oligotrophic peatlands. In contrast, total mercury (THg) concentrations were higher in the older peatlands. Partial least squares (PLS) analysis indicates that the net MeHg production was positively correlated to trophic demands of vegetation and an increased availability of potential electron acceptors and donors for Hg methylating microorganisms. An important question for further studies will be to elucidate why there is less THg in the younger peatlands compared to the older peatlands, even though the age of the superficial peat itself is similar for all sites. We hypothesize that ecosystem features which enhance microbial processes involved in Hg methylation also promote Hg reduction that makes previously deposited Hg more available for evasion back to the atmosphere. (C) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
作者机构：
[Chen, Fulong; Zheng, Wenwu] Hengyang Normal Univ, Cooperat Innovat Ctr Digitalizat Cultural Heritag, Hengyang, Peoples R China.;[Chen, Fulong; Xu, Hang; Zhou, Wei] Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Digital Earth Sci, Aerosp Informat Res Inst, Beijing, Peoples R China.;[Chen, Fulong; Zhou, Wei] Int Ctr Space Technol Nat & Cultural Heritage Aus, Beijing, Peoples R China.;[Xu, Hang] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Coll Resources & Environm, Beijing, Peoples R China.;[Deng, Yunyuan] Hengyang Normal Univ, Coll City & Tourism, Hengyang, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Chen, Fulong] H;[Chen, Fulong] C;[Chen, Fulong] I;Hengyang Normal Univ, Cooperat Innovat Ctr Digitalizat Cultural Heritag, Hengyang, Peoples R China.;Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Digital Earth Sci, Aerosp Informat Res Inst, Beijing, Peoples R China.
关键词：
InSAR;numerical simulation;three-dimensional deformation;architectural heritage;angkor Wat
摘要：
Architectural heritage has important historical, artistic, and technological value. However, these sites are subject to long-term degradation and are sensitive to disturbances from the surrounding landscape, resulting in the potential deterioration of the architecture. Deformation is a quantitative indicator of the vulnerability of architectural heritage. The extraction of three-dimensional (3D) deformation via existing geodetic approaches, such as global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) and interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR), proves to be a challenging task. In this study, we proposed an adaptable methodology for the preventive monitoring of architectural heritage by integrating differential SAR tomography (D-TomoSAR) and a finite element method (FEM) to overcome the limitations of current geodetic approaches in cultural applications (i.e., sparse measurements in space; time- and labor-intensive). The Angkor Wat Temple, a well-known monument at the Angkor World Heritage site, Cambodia, was selected as the investigation target. We used D-TomoSAR to calculate the deformation, height, and thermal dilation of the structure using 46 TerraSAR-X images acquired during 2011-2013. InSAR deformation measurements were used as the constraint for the 3D deformation simulation and structural monitoring using an integrated approach to diagnose the soundness of the architectural structure. The experimental results demonstrate the following: 1) the integration of InSAR measurements prevented the underestimation of structural instabilities and linked the simplified physical model and mechanical parameters to the FEM simulation. 2) The Angkor Wat Temple appeared stable; however, structural instabilities were detected with an absolute deformation rate of up to 3 mm/yr. 3) Daily changes in thermal-related deformations caused by incoming frontal and posterior solar radiation-induced the bending of the architecture and the risk of structural defects. Our study reveals the defect mechanism of the Angkor Wat Temple and demonstrates the potential of the proposed method for the health diagnosis and preventive safeguarding of architectural heritages across the globe.
期刊：
Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres,2021年126(21):e2021JD035009-null ISSN：2169-897X
通讯作者：
Xiao, Mu
作者机构：
[Yu, Xiaoqin; Han, Longfei; Li, Zhongwu; Lv, Dianqing] Hunan Normal Univ, Coll Geog Sci, Changsha, Peoples R China.;[Xu, Youpeng] Nanjing Univ, Sch Geog & Oceanog Sci, Nanjing, Peoples R China.;[Deng, Xiaojun] Zhejiang Univ Finance & Econ, Sch Econ, Hangzhou, Peoples R China.;[Yang, Liu] Hengyang Normal Univ, Coll City & Tourism, Hengyang, Peoples R China.;[Lv, Dianqing] Jiangsu Univ Technol, Sch Chem & Environm Engn, Changzhou, Jiangsu, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Xiao, Mu] A;Arizona State Univ, Sch Sustainable Engn & Built Environm, Tempe, AZ 85281 USA.
关键词：
urban heat island;long-term urbanization;WRF;Yangtze River Delta (YRD)
摘要：
Abstract In this study, we examined the summertime climatic effects of urban expansion during 1990–2010 in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) region by analyzing station observations and performing numerical simulations with the Weather Research and Forecast (WRF) model. Long-term observations showed that urban area experienced a larger increase in summertime 2-m air temperature than rural part during 1980–2018, and the influence of urbanization on the urban-rural contrast was greater in the late stage (after 2000) than the early stage (before 2000). We applied the WRF model incorporated with historical land surface cover data (year 1990, 2000, and 2010) to further evaluate the climatic effects of long-term urbanization. On average, urban expansion over 1990–2010 led to 0.75°C increase in daily average temperature (1.06°C in daily minimum and 0.45°C in daily maximum) during the summer. The summertime daily temperature range decreased by 0.61°C in urban environment during the same period. Compared to the warming effect of urbanization in the 1990s, both the magnitude and affected area have increased after the millennium. Also, urban expansion reduced moisture in low-level atmosphere, and this urban dry island (UDI) effect was enhanced in the late stage. Less moisture in the atmosphere offset heat stress index induced by the warming temperature. We also found that the partitioning of net radiation between sensible and latent heat was the key factor that controlled urban warming effect. Plain Language Summary Urbanization is a long-term dynamic process, while the dynamic climatic effect of urbanization was seldom investigated. In this study, we used both long-term observations and simulations to examine the urban effect on summer climate in Yangtze River Delta. We found that urban daily average temperature increased by 0.75°C, and urban warming effect was greater in the late stage (after 2000) than the early stage (before 2000). Urbanization also caused air humidity loss, which made urban area drier and was known as urban dry island (UDI) effect. The change of heat stress was relatively small due to UDI effect. Urbanization resulted in increased sensible heat fluxes and reduced latent heat fluxes, which determined the urban warming effect. This study provides insights to understand warming air temperature in humid urban agglomeration.
期刊：
Asia-Pacific Journal of Atmospheric Sciences,2021年57(3):663-678 ISSN：1976-7633
通讯作者：
Huang, Yimin
作者机构：
[Sun, Jia] Hainan Normal Univ, Coll Resources & Environm Sci, Haikou 571158, Hainan, Peoples R China.;[Sun, Jia; Han, Jun] Guizhou Univ Commerce, Tourism Management Sch, Guiyang 550014, Guizhou, Peoples R China.;[Huang, Yimin] Hengyang Normal Univ, Coll City & Tourism, Hengyang 421002, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Zhang, Xingping] Hunan Normal Univ, Coll Resource & Environm Sci, Changsha 410081, Hunan, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Huang, Yimin] H;Hengyang Normal Univ, Coll City & Tourism, Hengyang 421002, Hunan, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Summer precipitation;Western pacific subtropical high;Dongting Lake basin;Precipitation data
摘要：
The Western Pacific Subtropical High (WPSH) is a principal component of the East Asian summer monsoon system. This study was to compare the relationship between the WPSH and summer precipitation in Dongting Lake basin (24°35′-30°27′N, 107°13′-114°18′E) based on different datasets by employing the multivariate regression analysis. The observed precipitation data was from China Meteorological Data (CMD) sharing service system and the six gridded precipitation datasets were CFSR, ERA–Interim, CMAP, GPCP, CRU, and PREC/L, respectively. The WPSH exerted different influences on the precipitation of summer months. The indexes including westward extension ridge point index and northern boundary index in June, ridge line index and northern boundary index in July and August had important effect on the precipitation over Dongting Lake Basin. The gridded data could generally reproduce the relationship between the ridge line index and precipitation in July. The relationship between the northern boundary and the precipitation from gridded data was similar to that from observed data in June and July, while the relationship between the western extension ridge index and the precipitation in June could be reproduced by the gridded data except CFSR and ERA-Interim. Only in part area, the relationship between the intensity index and the CMD precipitation could be reproduced by gridded precipitation. The fitness of correlation in some area from the CMD could be reproduced by the gridded data. General speaking, GPCP precipitation data was more applicable to the Dongting Lake Basin in studying on the relationship between the precipitation and a single index of WPSH.
