摘要：
Arytera littoralis Blume 1847 is an evergreen small tree belonging to the Sapindaceae family. It is distributed in South China to SE Asia and the Solomon Islands. However, the chloroplast genome of A. littoralis has yet to be reported. In this study, the complete chloroplast genome of Arytera littoralis was determined. The total genome size was 161,091 bp in length, consisting of two inverted repeats (IRs) (28,432 bp) separated by the large single-copy (LSC) (85,737 bp) and small single-copy (SSC) (18,490 bp) regions. The genome contained 133 genes, including 87 protein-coding genes, 37 tRNA genes, and eight rRNA genes. The GC content of the complete chloroplast genome was 37.8%. A maximum-likelihood (ML) phylogenetic tree of A. littoralis and 13 related species from the family Sapindaceae indicated that A. littoralis was close to a clade composed of Sapindus, Nephelium, Litchi, and Dimocarpus. This study will offer essential genetic resources of A. littoralis and provide insights into the phylogeny and evolution of Sapindaceae.
摘要：
An unrecorded wild mushroom Lactarius hatsudake from Nanyue mountainous region in China was identified. Subsequently, comparative investigation on the nutritional value, elemental bioaccumulation, and antioxidant activity was performed in the fruiting body (FB) and mycelium (MY) samples of this species. It revealed that the contents of moisture (87.66 & PLUSMN; 0.16 g/100 g fw) and ash (6.97 & PLUSMN; 0.16 g/100 g dw) were significantly higher in FB, and the total carbohydrate, fat, and protein concentrations of FB were similar to those in MY. Among nutritionally important elements, FB possessed higher concentrations of potassium (37808.61 & PLUSMN; 1237.38 mg/kg dw), iron (470.69 & PLUSMN; 85.54 mg/kg dw), and zinc (136.13 & PLUSMN; 5.16 mg/kg dw), whereas MY was a better source of magnesium (1481.76 & PLUSMN; 18.03 mg/kg dw), calcium (2203.87 & PLUSMN; 69.61 mg/kg dw), and sodium (277.44 & PLUSMN; 22.93 mg/kg dw). According to the health risk estimation, FB might pose an aluminum-related health problem when a prolonged period of exposure, while MY was risk-free for consumers. The results of antioxidant capacity (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2 & PRIME;-Azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS) assays) in FB and MY were within the range of 104.19 & PLUSMN; 5.70 mg ascorbic acid equivalents (AAE)/g to 169.50 & PLUSMN; 4.94 mg AAE/g, and half maximal effective concentration EC50 values ranged from 0.23 & PLUSMN; 0.01 mg/ mL to 0.62 & PLUSMN; 0.05 mg/mL. The aqueous extracts of MY demonstrated a strong ABTS radical scavenging capacity with the highest AAE value.
摘要：
<jats:p><jats:italic>Hymenasplenium obtusidentatum</jats:italic>, a new fern species of the <jats:italic>H. excisum</jats:italic> subclade of <jats:italic>Hymenasplenium</jats:italic> (Aspleniaceae) from south and southwestern China was described. Molecular phylogenetic analyses and morphological observations of <jats:italic>H. obtusidentatum</jats:italic> and related species clearly indicated that this is a distinct taxonomic entity. Phylogenetically, <jats:italic>H. obtusidentatum</jats:italic> was confirmed to represent a diverging lineage in the <jats:italic>H. excisum</jats:italic> subclade of <jats:italic>Hymenasplenium</jats:italic> and was closely related to one lineage that includes accessions identified as <jats:italic>H. obscurum</jats:italic>, <jats:italic>H. pseudobscurum</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>H. tholiformis</jats:italic>. Morphologically, <jats:italic>H. obtusidentatum</jats:italic> can be distinguished by the combination of its lamina base truncate, stipe not shiny and with color of reddish brown to dark brown, and pinna marginal teeth that are not sharp, but blunt or rounded. A complete species description and comparison with related species in the <jats:italic>H. excisum</jats:italic> subclade were provided. The holotype of <jats:italic>H. obtusidentatum</jats:italic> was designated.</jats:p>
通讯机构：
[Cao, Liemao] C;[Ang, Lay Kee; Yang, Shengyuan A.; Ang, Yee Sin] S;College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Hengyang Normal University, Hengyang, China<&wdkj&>Science, Mathematics and Technology, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore, Singapore<&wdkj&>Research Laboratory of Quantum Materials, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore, Singapore<&wdkj&>Science, Mathematics and Technology, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore, Singapore
摘要：
<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>Metal contacts to two-dimensional (2D) semiconductors are often plagued by the strong Fermi level pinning (FLP) effect which reduces the tunability of the Schottky barrier height (SBH) and degrades the performance of 2D semiconductor devices. Here, we show that MoSi<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>N<jats:sub>4</jats:sub> and WSi<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>N<jats:sub>4</jats:sub> monolayers—an emerging 2D semiconductor family with exceptional physical properties—exhibit strongly suppressed FLP and wide-range tunable SBH. An exceptionally large SBH slope parameter of <jats:italic>S</jats:italic> ≈ 0.7 is obtained which outperforms the vast majority of other 2D semiconductors. Such intriguing behavior arises from the septuple-layered morphology of MoSi<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>N<jats:sub>4</jats:sub> and WSi<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>N<jats:sub>4</jats:sub> monolayers in which the semiconducting electronic states are protected by the outlying Si–N sublayer. We identify Ti, Sc, and Ni as highly efficient Ohmic contacts to MoSi<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>N<jats:sub>4</jats:sub> and WSi<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>N<jats:sub>4</jats:sub> with zero interface tunneling barrier. Our findings reveal the potential of MoSi<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>N<jats:sub>4</jats:sub> and WSi<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>N<jats:sub>4</jats:sub> as a practical platform for designing high-performance and energy-efficient 2D semiconductor electronic devices.</jats:p>
作者：
Iwamoto, Akitoshi*;Ishigooka, Shiori;Cao, Limin;De Craene, Louis P. Ronse
期刊：
FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION,2020年8:523734 ISSN：2296-701X
通讯作者：
Iwamoto, Akitoshi
作者机构：
[Iwamoto, Akitoshi] Kanagawa Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Biol Sci, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan.;[Ishigooka, Shiori] Tokyo Gakugei Univ, Dept Biol, Tokyo, Japan.;[Cao, Limin] Hengyang Normal Univ, Coll Life Sci & Environm, Hengyang, Peoples R China.;[De Craene, Louis P. Ronse] Royal Bot Garden Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland.
作者：
Cao, Limin;Newman, Mark F.;Kirchoff, Bruce K.;de Craene, Louis P. Ronse*
期刊：
Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society,2019年189(1):63-82 ISSN：0024-4074
通讯作者：
de Craene, Louis P. Ronse
作者机构：
[Cao, Limin] Hengyang Normal Univ, Coll Life Sci & Environm, Hengyang 421008, Peoples R China.;[de Craene, Louis P. Ronse; Newman, Mark F.] Royal Bot Garden Edinburgh, 20A Inverleith Row, Edinburgh EH3 5LR, Midlothian, Scotland.;[Kirchoff, Bruce K.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Biol, Greensboro, NC 27402 USA.
通讯机构：
[de Craene, Louis P. Ronse] R;Royal Bot Garden Edinburgh, 20A Inverleith Row, Edinburgh EH3 5LR, Midlothian, Scotland.
摘要：
Globba is one of the largest genera in the primarily tropical Zingiberaceae. The number of anther appendages is highly diagnostic and has been used along with molecular characters to define subgenera and sections. Four main types of anther morphology are recognized: without appendages and with two, four and six appendages. The six-appendaged anthers are reported here for the first time. Appendages arise from two dorsal ledges that flank the broad connective. Development of two-appendaged and four-appendaged species differs from inception. Previous suggestions that either the proximal or distal appendages of four-appendaged anthers have been lost in two-appendaged species are thus not supported. Early development of six-appendaged anthers is similar to that of four-appendaged species, but two additional, small appendages develop on the ledges between the first-formed appendages. This yields three appendages on each side (six overall). The four appendages of G. geoffrayi differ from all other species in having distal appendages that are much smaller and develop later than the proximal appendages. Development thus suggests that the state in G. geoffrayi evolved from a two-appendaged ancestor. Incorporating this information into a phylogenetic character plot of the number of appendages shows that the possession of two appendages is the most likely plesiomorphic state of the genus, although support for this hypothesis is weak. Our study clarifies the origin and complexity in the development of anther appendages in Globba and highlights their significance in infrageneric relationships in Globba. Two appendages have probably likely arisen at the base of Globba, linked with the presence of a prominent ledge, with variable extensions and reductions of the number of appendages in the various subgenera and sections.
