期刊：
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY,2019年70(15):3969-3979 ISSN：0022-0957
通讯作者：
Tang, Kexuan;Chen, Wansheng;Zhang, Lei
作者机构：
[Ma, Yanan; Li, Ling; Fu, Xueqing; Shen, Qian; Zhang, Fangyuan; Hao, Xiaolong; Zhang, Lida; Lv, Zongyou; Shi, Pu; Chen, Minghui; Tang, Kexuan; Yan, Tingxiang] Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Joint Int Res Lab Metab & Dev Sci, Key Lab Urban Agr South, Minist Agr,Plant Biotechnol Res Ctr,Fudan SJTU No, Shanghai 200240, Peoples R China.;[Chen, Wansheng; Lv, Zongyou] Second Mil Med Univ, Changzheng Hosp, Dept Pharm, Shanghai 200003, Peoples R China.;[Chen, Wansheng; Lv, Zongyou] Shanghai Univ Tradit Chinese Med, Res & Dev Ctr Chinese Med Resources & Biotechnol, Shanghai 201203, Peoples R China.;[Zhang, Lei; Guo, Zhiying] Second Mil Med Univ, Sch Pharm, Dept Pharmaceut Bot, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China.;[Jiang, Weimin] Hengyang Normal Univ, Coll Life Sci & Environm, Hengyang 421008, Hunan, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Tang, Kexuan; Chen, Wansheng; Zhang, Lei] S;[Zhang, Lei] Z;Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Joint Int Res Lab Metab & Dev Sci, Key Lab Urban Agr South, Minist Agr,Plant Biotechnol Res Ctr,Fudan SJTU No, Shanghai 200240, Peoples R China.;Second Mil Med Univ, Changzheng Hosp, Dept Pharm, Shanghai 200003, Peoples R China.;Shanghai Univ Tradit Chinese Med, Res & Dev Ctr Chinese Med Resources & Biotechnol, Shanghai 201203, Peoples R China.
摘要：
Artemisinin is a sesquiterpene lactone produced by the Chinese traditional herb Artemisia annua and is used for the treatment of malaria. It is known that salicylic acid (SA) can enhance artemisinin content but the mechanism by which it does so is not known. In this study, we systematically investigated a basic leucine zipper family transcription factor, AaTGA6, involved in SA signaling to regulate artemisinin biosynthesis. We found specific in vivo and in vitro binding of the AaTGA6 protein to a 'TGACG' element in the AaERF1 promoter. Moreover, we demonstrated that AaNPR1 can interact with AaTGA6 and enhance its DNA-binding activity to its cognate promoter element 'TGACG' in the promoter of AaERF1, thus enhancing artemisinin biosynthesis. The artemisinin contents in AaTGA6-overexpressing and RNAi transgenic plants were increased by 90-120% and decreased by 20-60%, respectively, indicating that AaTGA6 plays a positive role in artemisinin biosynthesis. Importantly, heterodimerization with AaTGA3 significantly inhibits the DNA-binding activity of AaTGA6 and plays a negative role in target gene activation. In conclusion, we demonstrate that binding of AaTGA6 to the promoter of the artemisinin-regulatory gene AaERF1 is enhanced by AaNPR1 and inhibited by AaTGA3. Based on these findings, AaTGA6 has potential value in the genetic engineering of artemisinin production.
摘要：
Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) is an important pathogen that can cause serious public health problems. Currently, therapeutic drugs for toxoplasmosis present serious side effects, researches on more effective and novel substances with relatively low toxicity are urgently needed. Spider venoms comprise diverse novel pharmacological compounds. However, the anti-T. gondii activity of spider venoms remains largely unknown. This study was carried out to evaluate the anti-parasitic effect of spider venoms from Ornitoctonus huwena (HWVM) and Chilobrachys jingzhao (JZVM) against T. gondii tachyzoites in vitro and in vivo. Cytotoxic activity of HWVM and JZVM to HeLa cells was determined by MTT cell viability assays. Low doses (3.125, 6.25 and 12.5mug/mL) of HWVM and JZVM displayed low toxicity to HeLa cells. Trypan blue exclusion assay indicated that either of HWVM and JZVM affected the viability of tachyzoites in a time-dependent manner. Both spider venoms inhibited the invasion and proliferation of tachyzoites in vitro (p<0.05). Moreover, Mice treated with HWVM after infection with 2x10(3)T. gondii tachyzoites showed a better survival rate than mice treated with saline alone (p<0.05), while mice treated with JZVM did not. Our findings indicate that HWVM is a promising agent for the treatment of toxoplasmosis.
作者：
Cao, Limin;Newman, Mark F.;Kirchoff, Bruce K.;de Craene, Louis P. Ronse*
期刊：
Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society,2019年189(1):63-82 ISSN：0024-4074
通讯作者：
de Craene, Louis P. Ronse
作者机构：
[Cao, Limin] Hengyang Normal Univ, Coll Life Sci & Environm, Hengyang 421008, Peoples R China.;[de Craene, Louis P. Ronse; Newman, Mark F.] Royal Bot Garden Edinburgh, 20A Inverleith Row, Edinburgh EH3 5LR, Midlothian, Scotland.;[Kirchoff, Bruce K.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Biol, Greensboro, NC 27402 USA.
通讯机构：
[de Craene, Louis P. Ronse] R;Royal Bot Garden Edinburgh, 20A Inverleith Row, Edinburgh EH3 5LR, Midlothian, Scotland.
摘要：
Globba is one of the largest genera in the primarily tropical Zingiberaceae. The number of anther appendages is highly diagnostic and has been used along with molecular characters to define subgenera and sections. Four main types of anther morphology are recognized: without appendages and with two, four and six appendages. The six-appendaged anthers are reported here for the first time. Appendages arise from two dorsal ledges that flank the broad connective. Development of two-appendaged and four-appendaged species differs from inception. Previous suggestions that either the proximal or distal appendages of four-appendaged anthers have been lost in two-appendaged species are thus not supported. Early development of six-appendaged anthers is similar to that of four-appendaged species, but two additional, small appendages develop on the ledges between the first-formed appendages. This yields three appendages on each side (six overall). The four appendages of G. geoffrayi differ from all other species in having distal appendages that are much smaller and develop later than the proximal appendages. Development thus suggests that the state in G. geoffrayi evolved from a two-appendaged ancestor. Incorporating this information into a phylogenetic character plot of the number of appendages shows that the possession of two appendages is the most likely plesiomorphic state of the genus, although support for this hypothesis is weak. Our study clarifies the origin and complexity in the development of anther appendages in Globba and highlights their significance in infrageneric relationships in Globba. Two appendages have probably likely arisen at the base of Globba, linked with the presence of a prominent ledge, with variable extensions and reductions of the number of appendages in the various subgenera and sections.
摘要：
Toxoplasmosis is a widely distributed parasitic protozoan disease, caused by Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii). High prevalence of toxoplasmosis and limitations of conventional treatments lead to a search for new therapeutic drugs. Lycosin-I is a linear peptide, derived from the venom of the spider Lycosa singoriensis. The aim of the present study was to determine the anti-parasitic effect of lycosin-Iota against T. gondii. In vitro, the anti-T. gondii activities of lycosin-Iota were evaluated by MTT assay, trypan blue exclusion assay, cell counting assay and plaque assay. Cytokines of IL-6 and IL-8 were measured by quantitative PCR. In addition, the structures of tachyzoites treated with lycosin-Iota were also observed by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. In vivo, mice were challenged with parasites treated by lycosin-I. The results revealed that lycosin-Iota had shown a significant ability to inhibit T. gondii invasion and proliferation. Cytokines of IL-6 and IL-8 were reduced by lycosin-Iota at transcription level in human foreskin fibroblast (HFF) cells infected with T. gondii tachyzoites, but they were increased compared to non-infected cells. For tachyzoites, lycosin-Iota induced their cell membrane alterations with formation of invaginations, some of them appeared to be vacuolated in their cytoplasm. Moreover, lycosin-Iota had prolonged the survival time of mice by controlling T. gondii proliferation. In conclusion, our present study provides the first evidence for anti-T. gondii by using the spider peptide lycosin-Iota. These findings suggest that lycosin-Iota is a potential alternative agent for the treatment of toxoplasmosis.
作者机构：
[孙晶琦; 巩合德] School of Geography and Ecotourism, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, 650224, China;CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China;College of Biology and Chemistry, Pu’er University, Pu’er, Yunnan 665000, China;College of Life Sciences and Environment, Hengyang Normal University, Hengyang, Hunan 421008, China;[常艳芬] College of Life Sciences and Environment, Hengyang Normal University, Hengyang, Hunan 421008, China
通讯机构：
[Lu, H.] C;CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan, China
摘要：
Although isomer-specific bioaccumulation of dechlorane plus (DP) has been addressed in many studies, it remains unclear which factors determine this process and whether biotransformation of DP occurs in organisms. Comparative experiments were conducted in both in vivo and in ovo incubation using hens and eggs to identify the dominant factors determining the bioaccumulation of DP. Hens and fertilized eggs were exposed to DP isomers (syn- and anti-DP) by feeding and spiking, respectively, to investigate absorption, elimination, and metabolism. No significant differences were found between absorption efficiencies of DP isomers in the adult hens. Following first-order kinetics, anti-DP exhibited a slightly longer half-life than syn-DP as well as an elevated anti-DP fraction in laid eggs, thereby suggesting selective enrichment of anti-DP in adult hens. However, chicken embryos metabolized approximately 12% and 28% of the absorbed syn- and anti-DP, respectively, thereby verifying that and-DP was preferably metabolized. This result indicated that stereo-selective excretion of syn-DP, rather than preferred metabolism of anti-DP, played a more prominent role in isomer-specific bioaccumulation of DP in chickens. Further studies on metabolites of DP are crucial to understanding the fate of DP in organisms. (C) 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
