期刊：
Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice,2013年86(4):353-373 ISSN：2044-8341
通讯作者：
Liu, Xianhua
作者机构：
[Li, Li] Cent S Univ, Xiangya Hosp 2, Inst Psychiat, Changsha, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Li, Li] Guizhou Finance & Econ Coll, Psychol Counseling Ctr, Guiyang, Peoples R China.;[Liu, Xianhua; Jiang, Xiangqi] Hengyang Normal Univ, Dept Educ Sci, Hengyang 421002, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Yang, Juan] Hainan Med Coll, Dept Humanities & Social Sci, Haikou, Peoples R China.;[Xiao, Jing] Capital Normal Univ, Dept Psychol, Coll Educ, Beijing, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Liu, Xianhua] Hengyang Normal Univ, Dept Educ Sci, Hengyang 421002, Hunan, Peoples R China.
摘要：
Previous studies on the autobiographical memory (AM) of depressed patients had inconsistent findings. Various severities of depression in patients in these studies may lead to conflicting results. However, the differences in the procedure of the autobiographical memory tests (AMTs) may also influence the AM results. In this study, we analyse the results published so far to research the AM characteristics of patients with depressive disorders and identify moderators that affect the assessment results while using AMT in this field. A systematic search was conducted using following databases: MEDLINE, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Cnki, and Google Scholar, yielding 22 studies of patients with depressive disorders and autobiographical memory published between 1986 and 2010. The results of meta‐analysis showed that, compared with the control group, the patients with depressive disorders reported less specific AMs (g = −1.051) and more overgeneralized AMs (g = 1.115). The patients with depressive disorders also recalled more slowly (g = 0.400). The effect sizes of overgeneral memory could be predicted by the self‐reported depression score of the depressed patients (B = −.329, p < .01). The mean effect sizes of AMT indices were affected by the AMT characteristics (i.e., number of cue word, max response time, prompting, presentation of cue word, taping, and so on). Our results suggest that overgeneralization and response lag are the AM deficits in patients with depressive disorders. The parameters of AMT are important factors, which are related to the inconsistency in the assessment of AM in patients with depressive disorders. Some recommendations on AMT and programme research design are given for future research.
摘要：
Objective: This study provides a comprehensive review of the literature on memory impairment and the potential effective factors in patients with chronic pain. Methods: A literature search of databases PubMed, EMBASE, SpringerLink, and PsycINFO until September 2012 was conducted using the keywords 'memory' and 'chronic pain'. The study emphasises on publications over the past 20 years. Results: Memory impairment in chronic pain patients is substantial, but the aspects of memory (e. g. working memory, long-term memory, and autobiographical memory) in chronic pain patients and the potentially related factors (e. g. age, level of education, pain conditions, emotion, neural network, and use of analgesics) are modest. Memory impairment is interpreted with the attention-narrowing hypothesis and the capacity-reduction hypothesis. Conclusions: The currently available data and theory have explained memory impairment in chronic pain patients, but many controversies remain. Future research should focus on the subclinical characteristics of chronic pain, enlarging the sample size, and emphasise on the experimental intervention method and the cognitive neuroscience method.
摘要：
ObjectiveOvergenerality and delay of the retrieval of autobiographical memory (AM) are well documented in a range of clinical conditions, particularly in patients with emotional disorder. The present study extended the investigation to chronic pain, attempting to identify whether the retrieval of AM in patients with chronic pain tends to be overgeneral or delayed. DesignWith an observational cross-sectional design, we evaluated the AM both in patients with chronic pain and healthy controls by Autobiographical Memory Test. Pain conditions were assessed using the pain diagnostic protocol, the short-form McGill Pain Questionnaire (SF-MPQ), and the Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (PSEQ). Emotion was assessed using the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) and the Beck Anxiety Inventory. Subjects and SettingsSubjects included 176 outpatients with chronic pain lasting for at least 6 months and 170 healthy controls. Results1) Compared with the healthy group, the chronic pain group had more overgeneral memories (OGMs) (F=29.061, P<0.01) and longer latency (F=13.602, P<0.01). 2) In the chronic pain group, the stepwise multiple regression models for variables predicting OGM were significant (P<0.01). Specifically, the variance in OGM scores could be predicted by the BDI score (9.7%), pain chronicity (4.3%), PSEQ score (7.1%), and Affective Index (of SF-MPQ) score (2.7%). 3) In the chronic pain group, the stepwise multiple regression models for variables predicting latency were significant (P<0.05). Specifically, the variance in latency could be predicted by age (3.1%), pain chronicity (2.7%), pain duration (4.3%), and PSEQ score (2.0%). ConclusionsThe retrieval of AM in patients with chronic pain tends to be overgeneral and delayed, and the retrieval style of AM may be contributed to negative emotions and chronic pain conditions.
关键词：
Belief in a just world;Gratitude;Self-esteem;Internet altruistic behavior;Mediating effect
摘要：
The aim of this study was to test whether the association between belief in a just world (BJW) and Internet altruistic behavior (IAB) was mediated by gratitude and self-esteem in a sample of Chinese undergraduates. A total of 238 participants (aged from 18 to 25) completed a paper-and-pencil questionnaire which assessed their BJW, self-esteem, gratitude, and Internet altruistic behavior. Mplus 7.0 was used to conduct structural equation modeling to estimate direct and indirect effects. Path analysis showed that self-esteem and gratitude partially mediated the relationship between BJW and IAB. The final model also revealed a significant path from BJW thorough self-esteem and gratitude to IAB. Limitations and implications for research and practical application of the present study were discussed. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
作者机构：
[Liu, Xianhua] School of Education Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China;[Liu, Xianhua] Department of Educational Science, Hengyang Normal University, Hengyang, China
摘要：
Overgenerality and delay of the retrieval of autobiographical memory (AM) are well documented in a range of clinical conditions, particularly in patients with emotional disorder. The present study extended the investigation to chronic pain, attempting to identify whether the retrieval of AM in patients with chronic pain tends to be overgeneral or delayed. With an observational cross‐sectional design, we evaluated the AM both in patients with chronic pain and healthy controls by Autobiographical Memory Test. Pain conditions were assessed using the pain diagnostic protocol, the short‐form McGill Pain Questionnaire (SF‐MPQ), and the Pain Self‐Efficacy Questionnaire (PSEQ). Emotion was assessed using the Beck Depression Inventory‐II (BDI‐II) and the Beck Anxiety Inventory. Subjects included 176 outpatients with chronic pain lasting for at least 6 months and 170 healthy controls. 1) Compared with the healthy group, the chronic pain group had more overgeneral memories (OGMs) (F = 29.061, P < 0.01) and longer latency (F = 13.602, P < 0.01). 2) In the chronic pain group, the stepwise multiple regression models for variables predicting OGM were significant (P < 0.01). Specifically, the variance in OGM scores could be predicted by the BDI score (9.7%), pain chronicity (4.3%), PSEQ score (7.1%), and Affective Index (of SF‐MPQ) score (2.7%). 3) In the chronic pain group, the stepwise multiple regression models for variables predicting latency were significant (P < 0.05). Specifically, the variance in latency could be predicted by age (3.1%), pain chronicity (2.7%), pain duration (4.3%), and PSEQ score (2.0%). The retrieval of AM in patients with chronic pain tends to be overgeneral and delayed, and the retrieval style of AM may be contributed to negative emotions and chronic pain conditions.
作者机构：
[陈健] Development Research Center of Undergraduates, Hunan Institute of Technology;[周丽华] Department of Education Science, Hengyang Normal University;[燕良轼] School of Education Science, Hunan Normal University;[苏林雁] Mental Health Institute of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Ce
