摘要：
A graphene oxide (GO) film coated glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was fabricated for sensitive determination of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP). The GO-based sensor was characterized by scanning electron microscope, atomic force microscopy and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The electrochemical behaviors of 4-NP at the GO-film coated GCE were investigated in detail. In 0.1 M acetate buffer with a pH of 4.8, 4-NP yields a very sensitive and well-defined reduction peak at the GO-modified GCE. It is found that the GO film exhibits obvious electrocatalytic activity toward the reduction of 4-NP since it not only increases the reduction peak current but also lowers the reduction overpotential. Based on this, an electrochemical method was proposed for the direct determination of 4-NP. Various kinetic parameters such as transfer electron number, transfer proton number and standard heterogeneous rate constant were calculated, and various experimental parameters were also optimized. Under the optimal conditions, the reduction peak current varies linearly with the concentration of 4-NP ranging from 0.1 to 120 mu M, and the detection limit is 0.02 mu M at the signal noise ratio of 3. Moreover, the fabricated sensor presented high selectivity and long-term stability. This electrochemical sensor was further applied to determine 4-NP in real water samples, and it showed great promise for simple, sensitive, and quantitative detection of 4-NP. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
摘要：
A new kind of nanocomposite based on silver nanoparticles (AgNPs)/graphene oxide (GO) was conveniently achieved through a green and low-cost synthesis approach using glucose as a reducing and stabilizing agent, and the synthetic procedure can be easily used for the construction of a disposable electrochemical sensor on glassy carbon electrode (GCE). The nanocomposite was detailedly characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The experimental results demonstrated that the nanocomposite possessed the specific features of both silver nanoparticles and graphene, and the intrinsic high specific area and the fast electron transfer rate ascribed to the nanohybrid structure could improve its electrocatalytic performance greatly. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) were employed to evaluate the electrochemical properties of AgNPs/GO/GCE towards tryptophan, and the AgNPs/GO film exhibited a distinctly higher activity for the electro-oxidation of tryptophan than GO film with tenfold enhancement of peak current. The oxidation mechanism and the kinetic parameters were investigated, and analysis operation conditions were optimized. Under the selected experimental conditions, the oxidation peak currents were proportional to tryptophan concentrations over the range of 0.01 mu M to 50.0 mu M and 50.0 mu M to 800.0 mu M, respectively. The detection limit was 2.0 nM (S/N=3). Moreover, the proposed method is free of interference from tyrosine and other coexisting species. The resulting sensor displays excellent repeatability and long-term stability; finally it was successfully applied to detect tryptophan in real samples with good recoveries, ranging from 99.0% to 103.0%. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
摘要：
A highly sensitive and mercury-free method for determination of bisphenol A (BPA) was established using a glassy carbon electrode that was modified with carboxylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes. A sensitive oxidation peak is found at 550 mV in linear sweep voltammograms at pH 7. Based on this finding, trace levels of bisphenol A can be determined over a concentration range that is linear from 10 nM to 104 nM, the correlation coefficient being 0.9983, and the detection limit (S/N = 3) being 5.0 nM. The method was successfully applied to the determination of BPA in food package. A new electrochemical method was developed for the determination of bisphenol A based on carboxylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes modified electrode.
摘要：
We report on a highly sensitive glucose biosensor that was fabricated from a composite made from mesoporous hydroxyapatite and mesoporous titanium dioxide which then were ultrasonically mixed with multi-walled carbon nanotubes to form a rough nanocomposite film. This film served as a platform to immobilize glucose oxidase onto a glassy carbon electrode. The morphological and electrochemical properties of the film were examined by scanning electron microscopy and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry were used to characterize the electrochemical performances of the biosensor which exhibited excellent electrocatalytic activity to the oxidation of glucose. At an operating potential of 0.3 V and pH 6.8, the sensor displays a sensitivity of 57.0 μA mM−1 cm−2, a response time of <5 s, a linear dynamic range from 0.01 to 15.2 mM, a correlation coefficient of 0.9985, and a detection limit of 2 μM at an SNR of 3. No interferences are found for uric acid, ascorbic acid, dopamine and most carbohydrates. The sensor is stable and was successfully applied to the determination of glucose in real samples. Mesoporous hydroxyapatite, titanium dioxide and multi-walled carbon nanotubes were ultrasonically mixed to form a rough nanofilm, and a new glucose biosensor was fabricated based on this nanofilm. The biosensor had great bioelectrocatalytic activity to glucose oxidation, and it exhibited a high sensitivity, wide linear dynamic range and high selectivity for glucose determination.
摘要：
We report on a glassy carbon electrode that was modified with a composite made from graphene oxide (GO) and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) that enables highly sensitive determination of L-tyrosine. The sensor was characterized by transmission electron microscopy and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and its electrochemical properties by cyclic voltammetry, chronocoulometry and differential pulse voltammetry. The GO/MWCNT hybrid exhibits strong catalytic activity toward the oxidation of L-tyrosine, with a well defined oxidation peak at 761 mV. The respective current serves as the analytical information and is proportional to the L-tyrosine concentration in two ranges of different slope (0.05 to 1.0 μM and 1.0 to 650.0 μM), with limits of detection and quantification as low as 4.4 nM and 14.7 nM, respectively. The method was successfully applied to the analysis of L-tyrosine in human body fluids. The excellent reproducibility, stability, sensitivity and selectivity are believed to be due to the combination of the electrocatalytic properties of both GO and MWCNT. They are making this hybrid electrode a potentially useful electrochemical sensing platform for bioanalysis. A new L-tyrosine electrochemical sensor was fabricated based on graphene oxide and multiwalled carbon nanotube. The prepared sensor exhibits excellent electro-catalysis to the oxidation of L-tyrosine, and can improve determination sensitivity and decrease detection limit. This sensor was successfully applied to detect L-tyrosine in human fluids with satisfactory results.
摘要：
The combination of CuSO4 with naturally occurring sucrose in a biodegradable aqueous solution of PEG‐200 has been confirmed as a novel, recyclable, and environmentally benign homogeneous catalyst system for the direct amination of aryl halides with NH3·H2O. Electron‐rich, electron‐poor, and even ortho‐substituted aryl bromides and iodides could be aminated to provide the desired primary arylamines in high yields at 90 °C without the need of an inert atmosphere.
摘要：
The CuI/triethanolamine catalyst system efficiently promotes the direct hydroxylation of aryl iodides and bromides in water to provide the corresponding phenols in good to excellent yields. Moreover, the procedure avoids the use of toxic organic solvents and tolerates many functional groups.
摘要：
A one-dimensional chain chlorodibenzyltin 2-quininate has been synthesized and characterized by IR, NMR spectra and elemental analysis. The crystal structure has been determined by X-ray diffraction. The crystal belongs to the monoclinic system, space group I4(—) with a = 19.1171(10), b = 19.1171(10), c = 12.5158(6) , Z = 8, V = 4574.1(4) 3, Dc = 1.477 g·cm-3, μ(MoKα) = 1.252 mm-1, F(000) = 2032, R = 0.0259 and wR = 0.0723. In the complex, the tin atom is six-coordinated to adopt a distorted octahedral configuration with bridging carboxyl of quinoline-2-carboxylic acid. The result of fluorescence spectrum analysis shows that the title complex at room temperature exhibits an intense photoluminescence with maximum emission at 364.2 nm (λex = 303.0 nm).
摘要：
An efficient protocol for ligand-free Cu-catalyzed N-arylation of heteroarylamines has been developed. With the use of 1% CuI, a wide range of aryl iodides and bromides coupled with heteroarylamines to afford the corresponding products in high yields. Further, this protocol is particularly suitable for reactions of the most hindered aryl iodides with 2-aminopyridines. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
